Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i
Belarus tana kan gaba a fannin kiwon kaji. A cewar Kwamitin Kididdiga na Kasa na Jamhuriyar Belarus, kasar ta rike kaji miliyan 54.5 a watan Janairun 2026, inda kaji suka kai kashi 41.6% na jimillar sayar da nama - daga kashi 40.5% a shekarar 2024. Daga cikin kungiyoyin noma 38 na kasar da ke aikin kiwon kaji, guda 20 sun kware a fannin samar da naman kaji, inda suka hada kai suna samar da tan 693,000 na naman kaji a kowace shekara.
Wannan labarin ya yi bayani game da tafiyar siyan wani kamfanin sarrafa abinci na broiler a Belarus wanda ya nemi haɓaka layin fesawa da injin niƙa pellet na zobe. Wannan shari'ar ta bincika yadda injin niƙa ya tantance fasahar yin ramukan zobe, ya tantance ƙarfin masana'antar masu samar da kayayyaki, kuma a ƙarshe ya sami daidaiton ingancin pellet na ciyar da broiler ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd.
1. Yanayin Ciyar da Kaji a Belarus: Dalilin da yasa Ingancin Zoben Mutu yake da Muhimmanci
Sashen kaji na Belarus yana aiki a matakin masana'antu. Shugaba Alexander Lukashenko, yayin da yake jawabi a wani taron ci gaban masana'antar kaji ta ƙasa a Soligorsk a ƙarshen 2024, ya lura cewa samar da naman kaji a ƙasar ya riga ya wuce buƙatar gida da kusan kashi 60%, tare da sayar da naman kaji da aka gasa ya sami ribar riba da kashi 8.5%. Wannan ribar ta sanya Belarus a matsayin ƙasar da ke fitar da kayayyaki cikin ƙungiyar tattalin arzikin Eurasia (EAEU), amma kuma yana nufin masana'antun abinci suna fuskantar matsin lamba akai-akai don ci gaba da samar da kayayyaki masu gasa da farashi.
Abincin da ake nomawa yana wakiltar kashi 50-60% na kuɗin samar da kayan lambu. Ga masana'antar da ke samar da tan 100,000 na abincin dankali a kowace shekara, ko da ƙarin kashi 1% na dorewar pellet - rage tarar da ɓarnar abinci - na iya haifar da tanadin adadi shida na farashin kayan lambu a cikin shekarar samarwa.
Madaurin zobe shine zuciyar wannan lissafi. Ita ce bangaren da ake amfani da shi wanda ke tantance yawan madaurin, dorewa, yawan amfani da shi, da kuma yawan amfani da makamashi. Madaurin zoben da aka ƙera da kyau wanda diamitarsa ba ta daidaita ba, saman ciki mai kauri, ko rarrabawar tauri mara daidaituwa zai haifar da madaurin da ke rugujewa yayin jigilar kaya, yana haifar da tarar da ta wuce kima, kuma yana tilasta wa injin niƙa madaurin ya yi aiki tuƙuru - duk wanda ke lalata riba.
Ga masana'antar niƙa ta Belarus da aka bayyana a nan, shawarar saka hannun jari a cikin injin niƙa mai inganci mai ƙarfi ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar aiki guda uku:
1. Layin fesawa na yanzu, wanda aka sanya sama da shekaru goma da suka gabata, yana samar da ƙimar PDI na 86–89% akan tsarin broiler - ƙasa da kashi 92% na ƙa'idar da ake buƙata don ayyukan broiler na injin.
2. Yawan canjin da aka samu daga cikin injin ya karu daga kowace sa'a 800-1,000 zuwa kowace sa'a 500-600, wanda hakan ke nuna saurin lalacewa daga kayan da ba su da kyau da kuma saman ramin da aka gama.
3. Yawan amfani da makamashi ya kai 48 kWh/t, wanda hakan ya haifar da karuwar juriyar gogayya a cikin injinan da suka lalace.
2. Tsarin Sayayya: Kimanta Girman Masana'antar Zobe
Ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta masana'antar, wadda ta ƙunshi darektan samarwa, babban injiniya, da kuma manajan sayayya, ta kafa tsarin kimantawa mai tsari kafin ta tuntubi masu samar da kayayyaki.
2.1 Ka'idojin Kimanta Fasaha
Ƙungiyar ta ayyana nau'i biyar don kimanta masu samar da kayayyaki:
| Nau'i | Nauyi | Mahimman Alamomi |
|—|—|—|
| Fasahar yin rami | 30% | Hanyar haƙa rami, daidaiton kammala saman rami, madaidaicin rami |
| Maganin kayan aiki da zafi | 25% | Matsayin ƙarfe, daidaiton tauri, ikon kashe injin |
| Ƙarfin keɓancewa | 20% | Tsarin rabon matsi, inganta tsarin ramuka don kayan amfanin gona na gida |
| Takaddun shaida da takardu | 15% | Yarjejeniyar EAEU, rahotannin gwajin kayan aiki, taswirar tauri |
| Tallafin bayan tallace-tallace | 10% | Isar da injiniya, wadatar kayayyakin gyara, tallafin fasaha daga nesa |
2.2 Tambayar Fasahar Yin Rami
Tambaya mafi muhimmanci ta fasaha da injin niƙa ya yi wa kowane mai samar da kayayyaki ita ce: "Ta yaya ake haƙa ramukan?"
Wannan ba ƙaramin tambaya ba ce. Madaurin zobe na injin niƙa mai matsakaici zuwa babba yana ɗauke da ramuka 3,000-5,000, kowannensu an haƙa shi ta cikin zoben ƙarfe mai kauri mm 80-140. Ingancin waɗannan ramukan - daidaiton diamita, madaidaicin su, da kuma ƙarewar saman ciki - kai tsaye ke ƙayyade ingancin madaurin.
Masu samar da kayayyaki ta amfani da hanyoyin haƙa rami na gargajiya akan kayan aiki na hannu ko na rabin-atomatik yawanci suna samar da ramuka masu kauri a saman (Ra) a cikin kewayon 3.2-6.3 µm. Sabanin haka, masana'antun suna amfani da haƙa rami mai zurfi na CNC tare da isar da ruwan sanyi mai ƙarfi - ta amfani da BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association) ko kayan aikin haƙa bindiga - za su iya cimma ƙimar Ra ƙasa da 1.6 µm, tare da jure wa diamita na rami a cikin ±0.05 mm.
Ƙungiyar tantancewa ta masana'antar niƙa ta Belarus ta ziyarci masu samar da kayayyaki guda biyu kuma ta duba takardun fasaha daga wasu uku. An ga babban bambanci a ƙarƙashin girman: ramukan da aka haƙa da CNC sun nuna alamun kayan aiki iri ɗaya, masu zagaye daidai da yanke maki ɗaya da aka shirya; ramukan da aka haƙa da aka saba gani sun nuna saman da ba su dace ba, waɗanda suka tsage, waɗanda ke nuna cewa an tattara guntu da kuma yawo a cikin injin.
2.3 Zaɓar Injinan Ciyar da Hongyang
Bayan wani tsari na tantancewa na tsawon watanni huɗu, masana'antar ta zaɓi Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. a matsayin mai samar da injin niƙa pellet na zobe. Shawarar ta dogara ne akan abubuwa uku da aka gano:
- Amfani da Hongyang na injinan haƙa rami mai zurfi na CNC tare da isar da ruwan sanyi mai ƙarfi, yana samar da ƙarewar saman rami mai santsi fiye da masu samar da kayayyaki masu fafatawa a farashi mai kama da haka.
- Sha'awar kamfanin na samar da cikakkun takaddun shaida na kayan aiki (rahotanni na gwajin injin ƙarfe) da taswirar rarraba tauri ga kowane ma'aunin zobe - takaddun shaida cewa ƙungiyar tabbatar da inganci ta injin za ta iya yin la'akari da ƙa'idar fasaha ta EAEU TR CU 010/2011.
- Tsarin injiniya mai amsawa kafin sayarwa: cikin makonni biyu bayan samun bayanin kayan injin (alkama da sha'ir na gida da aka haɗa da garin waken soya da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje, danshi na yau da kullun 13-15%), ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta ba da shawarar rabon matsi na 1:9 don tsarin farawa na broiler da 1:10 don na'urar gamawa, wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar bayanan da aka samo daga irin waɗannan shigarwar.
3. Tsarin Kayan Aiki da Shigarwa
Injin ya yi odar cikakken sashin gyaran pellet wanda aka gina a kusa da injin pellet na SZLH420 mai zobe (babban injin 110 kW, wanda ke amfani da gear). Umarnin ya haɗa da:
- Ma'ajiyar zobe guda biyu na bakin karfe (matakin X46Cr13 / 4Cr13): ɗaya mai diamita na ramin 3.0 mm da rabon matsi na 1:9 don ciyar da mai fara broiler, da kuma ɗaya mai ramukan 3.5 mm da rabon matsi na 1:10 don ciyar da mai gama broiler.
- Saiti ɗaya na naɗawa tare da bearings masu rufewa.
- Na'urar sanyaya iska mai layi biyu tare da lokacin riƙewa na daƙiƙa 150-180, an ƙera ta don cimma gelatinization na sitaci sama da kashi 30% a cikin ƙarfin aiki na t10/h.
- Na'urar sanyaya iska (samfurin SKLN6) da na'urar tantancewa ta juyawa.
An jigilar kayan aiki ta hanyar Jirgin Ƙasa na China-Turai Express zuwa Minsk, tare da fakitin hana lalata da kuma akwati mai hana girgiza da aka ƙayyade don tafiyar jirgin ƙasa mai nisan kilomita 7,500. An kammala shigarwa cikin makonni biyar ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar injiniyoyin Hongyang da ma'aikatan kula da injin, tare da gudanar da aikin a watan Fabrairun 2025.
Bayanan aikin sun cika ƙa'idodin ƙira a farkon aikin samarwa:
- Yawan aiki: 10.3 t/h a nauyin mota 92% (ƙimar: 10–12 t/h)
- Zafin fitar da kwandishan: 86–89 °C
- Pellet Durability Index (PDI): 95.4% akan tsarin farawa na broiler
- Amfani da makamashi na musamman: 41.8 kWh/t
4. Sakamakon Aiki: Bayanan Samarwa na Watanni Shida
Bayan watanni shida na ci gaba da samar da kayayyaki (Maris-Agusta 2025), bayanan kula da ingancin masana'antar sun nuna:
| Sigogi | Layin Gado (Kafin Haɓakawa) | Layin Sabuwar Hongyang | Ingantawa |
|—|—|—|—|
| Matsakaicin PDI (mai fara broiler) | 87.5% | 95.8% | +8.3 shafi |
| Matsakaicin PDI (mai gama broiler) | 88.2% | 96.1% | +7.9 shafi |
| Ƙarfin kuzari na musamman (kWh/t) | 48.2 | 41.6 | -13.7% |
| Rayuwar sabis (awanni) | 550–620 | 950+ (ci gaba) | +55%+ |
| Tarar da aka samu daga dawowa (% na yawan aiki) | 8.1% | 3.2% | -60.5% |
| Yawan samar da pellet | 90.3% | ≥96% | +5.7 shafi |
Rage darajar tarar da aka samu kawai - daga kashi 8.1% zuwa kashi 3.2% - yana nufin cewa ga kowace tan 100 na dusa da aka sarrafa, injin ya dawo da kusan tan 5 na ƙwai da za a iya sayarwa maimakon sake amfani da su zuwa na'urar sanyaya daki. A matsakaicin farashin sayar da abincin broiler da kuma yawan samarwa na shekara-shekara na kimanin tan 60,000 na abincin broiler, wannan ci gaban ya nuna babban gudummawa ga ribar aiki na injin.
4.1 Tasirin Ingancin Abinci akan Aikin Broiler
Aikin injinan gasa na haɗaɗɗen injin niƙa ya ba da rahoton tasirin da za a iya aunawa a ƙasa:
- Rabon canza abinci (FCR) ya inganta daga 1.72 zuwa 1.66 a cikin zagaye shida na girma, raguwar da aka danganta da raguwar rarrabuwar ƙwayoyin pellets da kuma wani ɓangare na ci gaba da gyare-gyaren tsari.
- Daidaiton nauyin tsuntsaye a lokacin yanka ya ƙaru, tare da raguwar bambancin nauyin jiki daga 10.5% zuwa 8.3%, daidai da yawan abincin da ake ci akai-akai.
- An rage yawan asarar abinci a wurin ciyar da kasko; lura da wurin ya nuna raguwar watsawar abinci da kusan kashi 30% idan aka kwatanta da lokacin kafin haɓakawa.
5. Abin da "Fasahar Yin Rami Mai Girma" ke nufi a Aiki
Kwarewar masana'antar injin niƙa ta Belarus ta nuna yadda masana'antar injinan zobe masu girma take a fannin aiki, fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fasaha da ke kan takardar bayanai.
5.1 Daidaito a Faɗin Mutuwa
Lokacin da kamfanin niƙa ya yi odar na'urar farko ta maye gurbin zoben a watan Agusta na 2025, ƙungiyar kula da inganci ta kwatanta sabon injin da na'urar da aka ƙera ta amfani da tsarin fara injin da kuma saitunan injin iri ɗaya. Bambancin PDI tsakanin injinan biyu shine maki 0.3 cikin ɗari - rashin tabbas a cikin ma'auni - yana tabbatar da cewa tsarin masana'antar Hongyang yana da maimaitawa a sikelin samarwa.
5.2 Tsarin Sakawa Mai Tsanani
Asalin na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita, bayan sa'o'i 950+ na aiki, ta nuna lalacewa iri ɗaya a duk faɗin ramuka, tare da matsakaicin ƙaruwar diamita da aka auna a 0.12 mm a tsakiyar madaurin da kuma 0.09 mm a gefuna. Wannan daidaito - sakamakon kai tsaye na taurin kayan da aka samu ta hanyar kashe injin - yana nufin za a iya amfani da na'urar don cikakken kamfen na samarwa maimakon a canza ta da wuri saboda lalacewar da aka yi a gida.
5.3 Takardu da Za Ka Iya Dogara da Su
Ga kowace mota da aka kawo, Hongyang ta bayar da:
- Takardar shaidar kayan aiki daga injin ƙarfe wanda ke tabbatar da ingancin X46Cr13 da kuma sinadaran da ke cikinsa.
- Taswirar rarraba taurin kai da ke nuna ma'aunin taurin Rockwell (HRC) a maki 12 a fadin fuskar mashin. Gwajin tabbatar da ingancin injin ya tabbatar da cewa an samu raguwar darajar da ke cikin ±1 HRC na ƙimar da mai samar da shi ya bayar.
- Rahoton dubawa na girma don diamita na rami, rami, da kuma yanayin geometry na counterbore.
Wannan kunshin takardu ba wai kawai wani tsari ba ne. Ya ba ƙungiyar tabbatar da inganci ta masana'antar ta nuna bin ƙa'idodin fasaha na EAEU a lokacin wani bincike da Kwamitin Tsarin Ma'auni na Jihar Belarus ya tsara a watan Yunin 2025.
6. Ra'ayin Mai Kaya: Hanyar Hongyang ga Kasuwannin EAEU
Daga ɓangaren masu samar da kayayyaki, hulɗar Hongyang Feed Machinery da kasuwar Belarus tana nuna wata hanya mai faɗi ta yi wa abokan cinikin EAEU hidima. Kamfanin, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2006 a Liyang, Lardin Jiangsu — cibiyar da China ta san shi don kera injunan ciyarwa — ya fitar da kayan aiki zuwa ƙasashe sama da 15, ciki har da Rasha, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Masar, da Senegal.
Musamman ga kasuwannin EAEU, Hongyang ta haɓaka:
- Kunshin takardun fasaha wanda ya yi daidai da TR CU 010/2011 (amincin injina) da TR CU 004/2011 (amincin kayan aikin ƙarancin wutar lantarki).
- Kwarewa tare da tallafin takardar shaidar GOST-B, gami da daftarin sanarwar EAC da fasfo na fasaha a cikin Rashanci ko Ingilishi.
- Ƙarfin jigilar kayayyaki na jigilar jirgin ƙasa na China-Turai Railway Express, tare da kayan aiki da aka shirya don yanayin zafi da kuma yanayin kula da jigilar jiragen ƙasa na ƙasashen waje.
- Tsarin bayan siyarwa wanda ya haɗa da aika injiniyoyi a wurin (yawanci cikin kwanaki 15 na aiki don wuraren EAEU) tare da tallafi daga nesa ta hanyar kiran bidiyo da saƙon nan take.
Ga masana'antar niƙa ta Belarusiya, wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da aka sami ƙaramin matsalar canjin matsin lamba a cikin wata na uku na aiki, ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta gano tushen abin da ya haifar da hakan - wani tarko mai cike da iska a ƙasan na'urar sanyaya daki wadda ba ta da girman da ya dace da kan injin niƙa - cikin awa ɗaya da karɓar saƙon WhatsApp na injin niƙa da kuma rikodin matsin lamba na tururi.
7. Kammalawa
Kwarewar siyan injin niƙa na Belarus ya nuna cewa fasahar yin ramin zobe ba cikakken bayani ba ne game da kera shi - shine mafi mahimmancin abin da ke tantance ingancin pellet, ingancin kuzari, da tsawon lokacin sabis na mutu a cikin samar da abincin kasuwanci.
Abubuwa uku sun taimaka wajen samun nasarar sakamakon:
- Tsarin kimantawa mai tsauri ta hanyar fasaha wanda ya fifita ingancin masana'antu - kammala saman rami, daidaiton tauri, da takardu - fiye da ikirarin tallatawa.
- Mai samar da kayayyaki, Injinan Abinci na Hongyang, wanda jarinsa a haƙa rami mai zurfi na CNC, maganin zafi na injin, da kuma ƙirar injinan da aka yi amfani da su don yin amfani da su ya zama mai inganci, mai maimaitawa a sikelin samarwa.
- Tsarin aiki wanda ya ɗauki kayan aikin a matsayin tsarin haɗakar pellet maimakon tarin na'urori daban-daban, tare da lokacin riƙe kwandishan da ƙayyadaddun kayan da aka daidaita da takamaiman bayanin kayan injin.
Ga masana'antun abinci a Belarus da kuma yankin EAEU mai faɗi, darasin a bayyane yake: lokacin da ake kimanta injin niƙa pellet na zobe, a nemi a ga ramukan. Tambayi yadda aka haƙa su, yadda aka tabbatar da ingancinsu, da kuma ko mai samar da kayayyaki zai iya samar da inganci iri ɗaya a kan injin niƙa na goma kamar yadda aka yi a kan na farko. Amsoshin za su gaya muku game da ingancin pellet fiye da kowace ƙasida da za a iya samu.
Nassoshi
1. Kwamitin Kididdiga na Ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Belarus. "Yawan kiwo da kiwon dabbobi da na kaji da na dabbobi a gonaki iri-iri a shekarar 2025." Belstat, 2026.
2. Ma'aikatar Noma da Abinci ta Jamhuriyar Belarus. Hasashen samar da dabbobi na 2024. BELTA ta ruwaito, Fabrairu 2024.
3. Shugaban Jamhuriyar Belarus. Taron ci gaban masana'antar kaji na ƙasa, Soligorsk, Oktoba 2024. BelTA ta ruwaito.
4. Dokokin Fasaha na EAEU: TR CU 010/2011 (amincin injina), TR CU 004/2011 (amincin kayan aiki masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki).
5. Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. Takardun fasaha na samfur da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ingancin sarrafa zobe.
6. Amerah, AM, da sauransu. “Girman ƙwayoyin abinci: Alamomin da ke tattare da narkewar abinci da kuma yadda kaji ke aiki.” Mujallar Kimiyyar Kaji ta Duniya, 63(3), 2007.
7. Thomas, M., da sauransu. “Ingancin abincin dabbobi da aka yi wa fenti.” Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Abinci da Dabbobi, 70(3), 1998.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-27-2026
