Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i
Spain ba wai kawai ita ce babbar mai samar da alade a Tarayyar Turai ba, har ma da babbar masana'antar abincin da aka samar da tan miliyan 38.8 na abincin da aka samar a shekarar 2024, wanda abincin alade ya kai kashi 46.87%, ko kuma kimanin tan miliyan 18.2. A cikin wannan yanayi mai girma, mai saurin amsawa ga inganci, wani kamfanin sarrafa abincin alade a yankin Aragon ya nemi maye gurbin layin tsufa wanda ke samar da juriyar pellet mara daidaituwa kuma yana fama da kwanciyar hankali na fitarwa. Kamfanin ya zaɓi injin sarrafa pellet na SZLH420 na Hongyang Feed Machinery wanda aka haɗa shi da na'urar sarrafa zoben HYPM da aka ƙera musamman. Watanni goma sha takwas da fara aiki, layin ya samar da ma'aunin juriyar pellet (PDI) akai-akai sama da kashi 92%, yawan wadatar da manoma ke samu na tan 9-10 a kowace awa (TPH), kuma ya rubuta ci gaba a cikin canjin abinci a gonakin alade na abokan hulɗa. Wannan shari'ar ta nuna yadda injiniyan zoben ...
1. Ma'anar: Masana'antar Kula da Alade ta Spain a takaice
Fahimtar dalilin da ya sa wannan haɓakawa ya zama dole ya zama ɗan taƙaitaccen nazari kan matsayin Spain a fannin samar da alade da abinci a duniya. A cewar Ma'aikatar Noma, Kamun Kifi da Abinci ta Spain (MAPA), Spain ta kashe aladu miliyan 53.88 a shekarar 2024 - ƙaruwar kashi 1.5% a shekara-shekara - tare da Catalonia (kai miliyan 22.4), Aragon (kai miliyan 11.3), da Castile da Leon (kai miliyan 6.2) waɗanda suka kai sama da kashi 72% na yawan amfanin ƙasa a ƙasa. Spain ita ce kuma ƙasa ta biyu mafi girma a duniya da ke fitar da naman alade bayan Amurka, tana jigilar tan 687,000 a kwata na 1 na 2025 kawai.
A ɓangaren ciyarwa, yawan abincin da Spain ta samar mai tan miliyan 38.8 a shekarar 2024 ya nuna ƙaruwar kashi 1.5% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2023, idan aka kwatanta da raguwar kashi 0.4% a faɗin EU (bayanan Tarayyar Masu Samar da Abinci na Turai). Abincin alade ya kasance mafi rinjaye, kuma a cikin gida na Aragon, kimanin masana'antun kiwon alade 4,618 suna aiki ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai tsauri don samar da daidaiton ingancin pellet, kamar yadda duk wani bambanci a cikin dorewa ko daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki ke shafar rabon canza abinci (FCR) wanda ke ƙayyade ribar gona.
2. Kalubalen: Tsufa Kayan Aikin Fesawa da Rashin Daidaito na PDI
Kamfanin samar da abincin dabbobi - wani kamfani da iyali ke gudanarwa wanda ke samar da kimanin tan 60,000 na abincin alade kowace shekara, musamman ga manoma da masu kammala aladu - yana gudanar da layin fesawa wanda aka yi aiki sama da shekaru 12. Matsaloli uku sun bayyana:
Raguwar juriyar pellet. Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet (PDI), ma'aunin da aka saba amfani da shi wajen auna yadda pellets ke jure wa sarrafawa da jigilar su kafin su isa ga dabbar, ya faɗi zuwa kashi 86-88% na pellets ɗin ciyar da manoma na 3.5 mm na injin niƙa. Yarjejeniyar masana'antu ta ɗauki kashi 92% a matsayin mafi kyawun matakin PDI; ƙasa da wannan, yawan tara da aka yi a lokacin jigilar kaya ta iska da kuma lodin manyan motoci ya zama asara mai ma'ana. Binciken da Metalteco da sauran masana'antun kayan aiki suka buga ya tabbatar da cewa kowane kashi na PDI da aka rasa yawanci yana nufin tara da ke wakiltar kayan da aka ɓata da kuma rage yawan abincin da ake ci a gonar.
Rashin daidaiton wutar lantarki. Fitowar wutar lantarki ta bambanta tsakanin TPH 6 zuwa 9 dangane da danshi da kuma tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsari, wanda hakan ya sa jadawalin samarwa ba shi da tabbas. Wannan wani ɓangare na matsalar nauyin mota ne kuma wani ɓangare na sakamakon ramukan zobe da suka lalace waɗanda ba sa kula da rabon matsi da aka tsara.
Karin farashin makamashi. Ganin cewa farashin wutar lantarki na masana'antu a Spain ya kasance mafi girma a Kudancin Turai, yawan amfani da makamashin da masana'antar ke yi - wanda aka auna a cikin kWh a kowace tan na abincin da aka yi wa pellet - ya karu yayin da tsohon injin ya buƙaci ƙarin nauyin injin don tura kayan ta cikin ramukan da suka lalace.
Manajan injin niƙa ya kafa manufofi uku don kowace sabuwar layin pellet: PDI >= 92% akan tsarin noman alade na yau da kullun; ingantaccen aiki >= 8 TPH a duk rukunin abincin alade; da kuma jimillar farashin mallakar (TCO) wanda zai karya ko da cikin watanni 24 idan aka kwatanta da hauhawar farashin kulawa da makamashi na tsohon layin.
3. Zaɓin Kayan Aiki da Tsarin Fasaha
Bayan tantance shawarwari daga masu samar da kayayyaki guda uku, masana'antar ta zaɓi injin niƙa mai siffar zobe na SZLH420 na Hongyang Feed Machinery, wanda aka haɗa shi da injin niƙa mai jerin HYPM wanda aka ƙera daga ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai girman chromium (daidai yake da matakin 420SS, taurin saman 58-62 HRC bayan an yi amfani da shi wajen sarrafa zafi).
Zaɓin rabon matsewar zobe. Ga tsarin ciyar da masu noman alade - yawanci yana ɗauke da kashi 60-65% na hatsi (masara, sha'ir, alkama), 20-25% na waken soya, da kuma daidaito a cikin tushen zare, ma'adanai, da ƙari - rabon matsewar zobe mai dacewa ya faɗi a cikin kewayon 8:1 zuwa 10:1. Tsarin alade mai wadataccen fiber tare da babban abun ciki na sha'ir ko alkama-bran yana buƙatar matsewa mafi girma don samar da isasshen zafi mai ƙarfi don haɗa sitaci da ɗaurewa. Ƙungiyar injiniyan Hongyang, wacce ke aiki daga ainihin bayanan tsari na abokin ciniki, ta ba da shawarar rabon matsewa na 9:1 tare da diamita na ramin 3.5 mm, tsawon rami mai inganci na 31.5 mm, da faɗin aiki na mutu na 140 mm. Wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana nufin daidaita taurin pellet tare da fitarwa, guje wa matsewa mai yawa wanda zai iya haifar da toshewar mutu, nauyin mota mai yawa, da lalacewar zafi ga ƙarin abinci mai laushi kamar enzymes da amino acid na roba.
Kayan da aka yi amfani da shi wajen yin amfani da injin ...
Injin pellet da kuma na'urar sanyaya iska. SZLH420 yana da babban injin 110 kW wanda ke tuƙa mashin ɗin zobe ta hanyar akwatin gear mai nauyi tare da watsa gear mai helical, wanda aka ƙididdige shi don ci gaba da aiki a saurin mashin ɗin 250-350 rpm. Sama, na'urar sanyaya iska mai matakai biyu tare da lokacin riƙewa na daƙiƙa 45-90 (wanda za'a iya daidaitawa ta hanyar kusurwar faifan) yana samar da na'urar sanyaya iska mai zafi a digiri 80-85 na Celsius, yana samun danshi bayan sanyaya iska na 15-17% da kuma yawan gelatinization na sitaci na 30-35% - duka a cikin taga mafi kyau don cire mashin ɗin abincin alade.
4. Shigarwa, Umarni, da Sakamakon Farko
An kammala dukkan aikin shigarwa - daga wargaza tsohon layin zuwa samarwa na farko akan SZLH420 - cikin kwanaki 14, jadawalin da aka tsara ta hanyar ƙirar firam ɗin injin pellet na Hongyang, wanda ke kan dandamalin ƙarfe da aka riga aka gyara wanda ba ya buƙatar gyara harsashin siminti da aka zubar.
Bayanan da aka samu daga farkon kwanaki 30 na aiki sun nuna cewa:
Yawan amfani da shuka (abincin shuka, 3.5 mm): Manufa >= TPH 8, Ainihin (Matsakaicin Kwanaki 30): TPH 9.3
PDI (hanyar akwatin tumble): Manufa >= 92%, Ainihin: 93.2%
Amfani da makamashi na musamman: Manufa <= 16 kWh/t, Ainihin: 14.8 kWh/t
Tarar dawowar kuɗi: Manufa <= 5%, Ainihin: 3.1%
Danshin bayan sanyaya jiki: An yi niyya 15-17%, Ainihin: 16.2%
Gelatin sitaci: An yi niyya 30-35%, Ainihin: 33.6%
Sakamakon PDI ya kasance mai matuƙar muhimmanci. A kashi 93.2%, injin niƙa yana samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin da aka haɗa su ta hanyar lif ɗin wurin, na'urar tantancewa ta juyawa, da layin jigilar iska mai tsawon mita 25 zuwa silos ɗin da aka gama - kuma mafi mahimmanci, ta hanyar tafiyar manyan motoci masu nisan kilomita 80-120 zuwa gonakin alade da injin niƙa ke yi wa hidima. Ma'aikatan injin niƙa sun ba da rahoton cewa tarin tarar da aka tara a ƙasan manyan motocin jigilar kaya ya ragu da kusan kashi 40% idan aka kwatanta da tsohon layin.
5. Tasirin A Gona: Dalilin da Yasa Ingancin Pellet Yake Da Muhimmanci Ga Aikin Alade
Gwajin ƙarshe na kayan aikin fesawa ba yana cikin injin niƙa abinci ba ne, amma yana cikin rumbunan alade. Ga masu samar da alade, ingancin pellet yana shafar abubuwa uku kai tsaye:
Ciyar da abinci da kuma yawan girma. Bincike ya nuna cewa aladu suna ciyar da ƙwayoyin da ke da ƙarfi sosai tare da ƙarancin tarar kuɗi, suna samun matsakaicin yawan cin abinci na yau da kullun (ADFI) da matsakaicin riba na yau da kullun (ADG) idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda aka ciyar da su ko kuma waɗanda aka murƙushe tare da babban abun ciki na tarar kuɗi. Tsarin yana da sauƙi: tarar tana ƙara yawan ɓatar da abinci, rage ɗanɗano, kuma tana sa aladu su ɓatar da ƙarin lokaci wajen rarraba abinci maimakon cinye shi. Ga abokan cinikin masana'antar Aragon, galibi ayyukan noma-zuwa-ƙarshe tare da kai 2,000-5,000 a kowane ciyarwa a wurin yana wakiltar kashi 60-70% na jimlar kuɗin samarwa, wanda hakan ke sa ko da ƙananan ci gaban FCR suna da ma'ana a fannin tattalin arziki.
Daidaiton sinadaran gina jiki. Kwalaben da aka ƙera da kyau yana tabbatar da cewa kowace cizo ta ƙunshi cikakken bayanin abinci mai gina jiki da mai gina jiki ya tsara. Lokacin da kwalaben suka tarwatse suka zama naƙasassu yayin da ake sarrafa su, naƙasassu suna tarawa a ƙasan mai ciyarwa yayin da kwalaben da ba su da lahani suka kasance a saman, wanda hakan ke haifar da abinci iri-iri guda biyu a cikin mai ciyarwa ɗaya. Wannan rarrabuwar ta lalata daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki da kwayoyin halittar alade na zamani ke buƙata.
Lafiyar hanji da tsaftar abinci. Haɗakar danshi, zafin jiki, da matsin lamba yayin fesawa yana cimma raguwar nauyin ƙwayoyin cuta kaɗan, gami da ƙwayoyin cuta da ake ɗauka daga abinci. Duk da cewa fesawa ba matakin fesawa ba ne, tsarin zafi yana samar da ƙarin shingen tsafta wanda ke ƙara matakan tsaro na halittu a matakin gona.
Cikin watanni shida da haɓaka layin pellet na kamfanin niƙa, manyan gonakin kwangilar guda biyu sun ba da rahoton ci gaban FCR na maki 0.08-0.12 don matakin manoma (nauyin jiki na kilogiram 30-70), ma'ana an kiyasta cewa ana adana kilogiram 8-12 na abinci ga kowane alade a wannan matakin girma. Manajan samar da injin niƙa ya danganta wannan ba kawai ga canjin kayan aiki ba, har ma da haɗuwa da ingantaccen juriyar pellet da shawarar injin niƙa na ƙara tsaurara matakan duba ingancin layin da Hongyang ke samarwa wanda ke samar da ingantaccen fitarwa.
6. Tallafin Bayan Siyarwa a Matsayin Mai Bambanta Gasar
Ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin da suka shafi Hongyang da abokin ciniki na Sipaniya ya ambata a matsayin abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne samun tallafin fasaha bayan shigarwar farko. Ga injinan pellet na zobe, injinan zobe da kansa abu ne da ake amfani da shi wanda dole ne a maye gurbinsa a kowane sa'o'i 5,000-6,000 (ya danganta da yadda ake goge kayan da aka yi amfani da su da kuma yadda ake kula da masu aiki). Hongyang tana da tarin na'urorin maye gurbin na'urorin HYPM a cikin daidaitattun matsi da diamita na ramuka don SZLH420, kuma tana ba da injiniyan na'urorin musamman don injinan da ba na yau da kullun ba.
A lokacin canjin injin farko na injina mai nauyin tan 60,000 na aiki, ƙungiyar masu kula da injina ta fuskanci wata matsala ta daidaitawa da ta samo asali daga rashin daidaiton ƙarfin bututun da ke kan maƙallin injina mai nauyin tan 5,200. Ma'aikatan fasaha na Hongyang sun ba da jagorar bidiyo ta nesa cikin awanni 24, suna jagorantar ƙungiyar ta hanyar tsarin jerin karfin juyi wanda ya warware matsalar ba tare da lokacin dakatar da samarwa ya wuce sau ɗaya ba. A cikin masana'antar da tsayawa na awanni 24 a injina mai nauyin tan 60,000 a kowace shekara na iya nufin tan 150-200 na asarar fitarwa, saurin da ingancin tallafin nesa yana da ƙimar tattalin arziki mai ma'ana.
Tun daga lokacin abokin ciniki ya yi odar na'urar sanyaya zobe ta HYPM ta biyu tare da ɗan ƙaramin rabon matsi (9.5:1) don sabon rukunin abincin gamawa tare da ƙarin sha'ir - wani gyara da aka yi ta hanyar wadatar kayan da ake samu a Ebro Valley. Ɓoyayyen Hongyang na samar da na'urar sanyaya na musamman mai raka'a ɗaya maimakon buƙatar mafi ƙarancin adadin oda na biyar ko fiye, a cikin kalmomin abokin ciniki, shine "bambanci tsakanin mai samarwa da abokin tarayya."
7. Kammalawa
Kasuwar abincin alade ta Sipaniya tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi zamani a duniya - mai yawan jama'a, mai saurin farashi, kuma mai buƙatar fasaha. Ga masana'antun kayan aiki da ke neman shiga ko faɗaɗa a wannan kasuwa, shingayen ba wai kawai na kasuwanci ba ne, har ma na fasaha: dorewar pellet, daidaiton amfani da kayayyaki, ingancin makamashi, da kuma amsawa bayan siyarwa sune ainihin kuɗin gasa.
Injin sarrafa pellet na SZLH420 na Hongyang Feed Machinery da tsarin HYPM ring die die sun nuna cewa layin pellet na matsakaiciyar kewayon da China ta ƙera zai iya cika ko wuce tsammanin aiki na injin sarrafa abinci na Turai mai inganci. Haɗin injiniyan rabon matsi mai kyau, kayan die mai inganci, da tallafin fasaha mai amsawa sun samar da sakamako masu ma'ana: PDI sama da kashi 93%, ƙarfin aiki na 9-10 TPH, amfani da makamashi na 14.8 kWh/t, da kuma ci gaban FCR da ke da mahimmanci ga babban burin manomi alade.
Ga masu niƙa abinci waɗanda ke kimanta kayan aikin pelleting, shari'ar Aragon ta jaddada ƙa'idodi uku da suka cancanci a ɗauka a cikin kowace shawara ta siye: na farko, a ware lokaci don daidaita rabon matse zobe da ainihin tsarin ku maimakon dogaro da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na gabaɗaya; na biyu, a ɗauki ikon tallafin bayan siyarwa a matsayin ma'aunin zaɓi daidai da farashi da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fasaha; na uku kuma, a auna aikin kayan aiki ba ta hanyar takardar bayanai ba amma ta hanyar canza sakamakon ciyarwa a ƙofar gona - domin a nan ne kowane ke tabbatar da ingancinsa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-10-2026
