Takaitaccen Bayani na Shugabanci
Sashen kiwon kaji na Indiya yana samar da kimanin tan miliyan 40 na abincin da aka haɗa a kowace shekara, inda abincin da aka gasa ya kai kashi 66% na jimillar kasuwa. A matsayinsa na na biyar mafi girma a duniya wajen samar da naman da aka gasa a gasa a duniya wanda ke da tan miliyan 9.77, masu haɗa kaji na Indiya suna aiki ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai tsanani inda ingancin canza abincin - wanda ingancin pellet ke tasiri kai tsaye - ke ƙayyade ribar da ake samu [1].
Wannan nazarin ya binciki yadda wani injin haɗa kaji mai matsakaicin matsayi a cikin belin kaji na Tamil Nadu ya magance rashin daidaiton samarwa na dogon lokaci ta hanyar amfani da injin niƙa na Hongyang HYPM-508 mai zobe a matsayin babban abin da ke cikin layin ciyar da karewa. Fiye da watanni 20 na aiki, injin niƙa ya ci gaba da riƙe Pellet Durability Index (PDI) sama da kashi 94%, ya samar da isasshen ƙarfin aiki na tan 6.5 a kowace awa, kuma ya sami rashin lokacin hutun da ba a shirya ba sakamakon gazawar injin niƙa na zobe - sakamakon da ke nuna ingancin kayan aikin Hongyang da kuma tsarin da kamfanin ya bi na tuntubar kafin sayarwa da kuma aikin da aka yi a wurin.
1. Yanayin Masana'antu: Sashen Ciyar da Kaji na Indiya
Masana'antar ciyar da abinci mai gina jiki ta Indiya tana da darajar kusan dala biliyan 18 a shekarar 2025, inda aka yi hasashen cewa za ta kai dala biliyan 25.25 nan da shekarar 2030 a wani adadin karuwar shekara-shekara na kashi 7.0% [2]. Abincin kaji ya mamaye yanayin kasa: abincin kaji shi kadai ya ƙunshi kashi 66% na kasuwa, wanda kamfanoni masu hade-hade a tsaye ke jagoranta wadanda ke kula da kusan kashi 80% na samar da naman kaji a tsari.
Tamil Nadu tana cikin manyan jihohi huɗu na Indiya da ke noman kaji, tare da Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, da Haryana. Hanyar Namakkal-Salem da ke yammacin Tamil Nadu tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin kaji mafi yawa a Asiya, tana ɗauke da sama da injinan ciyar da abinci 1,200 kuma tana tallafawa yawan tsuntsayen da suka wuce miliyan 150 a kowane lokaci. A cikin wannan yanayi mai matuƙar gasa, masu haɗaka suna fafatawa kan farashin ciyar da kowace kilogiram na nauyin rai - ma'auni inda ingancin pellet ke taka rawa sosai.
Binciken da aka buga a cikin Mujallar Kimiyyar Kaji ta Indiya ya nuna cewa abincin kaji da aka yi da pellet yana inganta yawan abincin da aka ci da kashi 3-5% kuma yana rage sharar abinci da kashi 12% idan aka kwatanta da abincin da aka yi da niƙa. Ga mai haɗaka wanda ke samar da tan 20,000 na abinci a kowace shekara, kashi 5% na ingantaccen abinci yana nufin kimanin tan 1,000 na abinci da aka adana - a farashin masarar Indiya na INR 22-24 a kowace kilogiram, wannan yana wakiltar tanadin da ya wuce INR 22 miliyan (dala 265,000) a kowace shekara.
2. Kalubalen Abokin Ciniki
Shri Balaji Feeds, wani kamfanin hada naman kaji da ke kusa da Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, yana gudanar da tsarin samar da abinci mai rufewa wanda ya kunshi gonar kiwo ta asali, wurin kiwon kaji, manoman kaji 180 na kwangila, da kuma kamfanin sarrafa abinci na cikin gida wanda ke samar da tan 24,000 na abincin da aka hada a kowace shekara (adadi na 2024). Kamfanin yana tallata tsuntsaye masu rai a karkashin yarjejeniyar samar da kayayyaki na dogon lokaci tare da masu sarrafa kayan yanki kuma yana da suna saboda daidaiton nauyin tsuntsaye - wani hali da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da daidaiton abincin kaji.
A ƙarshen shekarar 2023, layin pellet na injin ciyar da abinci ya gabatar da matsaloli uku na aiki:
Rashin daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki. Injin niƙa na pellet da ake da shi a yanzu, na'urar 90 kW da aka ƙera a cikin gida da aka sanya a shekarar 2016, ya samar da ƙarfin lantarki wanda ya yi ta juyawa tsakanin tan 3.8 zuwa 5.2 a kowace awa ga pellet ɗin broiler finisher na 3.5mm na yau da kullun. Masu aiki sun danganta canjin sakamakon da rashin daidaiton matsin lamba na diesel - yayin da na'urar zoben ke sawa ba daidai ba a saman aikinta, kwararar kayan ta bambanta, wanda hakan ya tilasta yawan daidaitawa da hannu zuwa saurin ciyarwa da matsin tururi.
Ingancin pellet mai raguwa. Gwajin PDI na yau da kullun ta amfani da hanyar ASAE S269.4 ya dawo da ƙima tsakanin 86% zuwa 90%, wanda ya yi ƙasa da matakin ingancin ciki na mai haɗawa na 92%. Samar da fines a tashar jakunkuna ya kai kashi 7-9% na nauyi, wanda ya buƙaci injin niƙa ya yi amfani da ƙarin scalper da sake yin amfani da fines na reground ta hanyar matse pellet - wani aiki da ya ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi kuma ya haifar da bambancin taurin pellet saboda sake sarrafa gelatin na sitaci.
Sauya zoben da aka saba yi akai-akai. Na'urar sanya zoben tana buƙatar maye gurbinsa duk bayan watanni 9-11. Kowace canjin lokaci tana ɗaukar kwanaki biyu na samarwa, inda aka tilasta wa mai haɗa kayan haɗin ya sayi abincin kasuwanci akan farashi na kimanin INR 3,500 a kowace tan. A cikin shekara ɗaya ta yau da kullun, wannan ya kai kimanin INR 1.4 a cikin ƙarin kuɗin siye, ban da INR 380,000 na na'urar sanya zoben da aka maye gurbinsa.
"Ma'aikatar sarrafa pellet ita ce zuciyar aikinmu gaba ɗaya," in ji manajan samar da masana'antar. "Lokacin da take aiki cikin sauƙi, komai yana aiki a ƙasa. Lokacin da take wahala, mun ji tasirin daga wurin haƙa har zuwa wurin sarrafa kayan."
3. Kimantawa da Zaɓen Kayan Aiki
Tsakanin Janairu da Maris 2024, Shri Balaji Feeds ta tantance zaɓuɓɓukan maye gurbin daga masu samar da kayayyaki guda huɗu: ɗaya daga cikin masana'antun Indiya, ɗaya daga cikin samfuran Turai da aka wakilta ta hanyar mai rarrabawa na gida, da kuma wasu kamfanonin fitar da kayayyaki na China guda biyu, ciki har da Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang).
Kimantawar ta sanya takamaiman nauyi akan sharuɗɗa uku:
Karfe da daidaiton ƙarfe na zobe. Hongyang ya bayar da cikakkun bayanai game da kayan da aka yi amfani da su don zoben HYPM-508: ƙarfe mai kauri 4Cr13 (X46Cr13), wanda aka yi masa tauri zuwa HRC 54-56 a saman aiki, tare da ramukan da aka haƙa da bindiga wanda ke tabbatar da diamita na ciki iri ɗaya da kuma kammala bango mai santsi. An haɗa rahotannin gwajin tauri na ɓangare na uku da ma'aunin ma'aunin rami a cikin takaddun kafin siyarwa - matakin bayyananne wanda ya bambanta Hongyang da masu fafatawa waɗanda ke ba da takamaiman bayanai kawai.
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma tsarin wutar lantarki. Ƙungiyar injiniya ta Hongyang ta ƙididdige yawan wutar lantarki da ake sa ran samu daga tan 6-8 a kowace awa don pellet ɗin finisher na broiler mai girman 3.5mm a matsewar 1:7.5, ta amfani da babban injin 132 kW. Wannan ya yi daidai da buƙatar mai haɗa wutar lantarki na yanzu na t6/h tare da sararin samaniya don faɗaɗawa zuwa t8/h a nan gaba. Sabanin haka, samfurin mai samar da wutar lantarki na Turai ya buƙaci injin 160 kW don irin wannan fitarwa, wanda ya haifar da damuwa game da farashin makamashi na dogon lokaci.
Nassoshi da jajircewar sabis. Hongyang ta bayar da bayanan tuntuɓar abokan ciniki uku da ke Asiya - ciki har da mai haɗa kaji a Philippines da kuma wani kamfanin samar da abinci a Vietnam - waɗanda suka tabbatar da martanin kamfanin bayan tallace-tallace. Hongyang ta kuma yi alƙawarin yin aiki a wurin ta hanyar ƙungiyar injiniya ta mutum biyu, horar da masu aiki, da garanti na watanni 24 akan jikin zoben (ban da lalacewa ta yau da kullun), sharuɗɗan da suka wuce ka'idar watanni 12 da sauran masu samar da kayayyaki ke bayarwa.
Zaɓen ƙarshe ya ƙunshi:
Kayan aiki: Injin niƙa pellet na Ring die HYPM-508 (132 kW) – Babban injin niƙa pellet
Ma'aunin zoben ajiya: 508mm ID, ramuka 3.5mm, CR 1:7.5 - Samar da madadin
Bakin birgima (seti 2): 216mm dia., 40CrMnTi - Sassan da aka saka
Na'urar sanyaya daki: Shaft mai gefe biyu, 5.5 kW - Na'urar sanyaya daki mai tururi
4. Gudanar da Aiki da Kaddamar da Samarwa
Hongyang ta tura injiniyoyi biyu zuwa Namakkal a watan Mayu na 2024. Tsarin aikin ya ɗauki kwanaki 12 kuma ya haɗa da abubuwa da dama waɗanda abokin ciniki daga baya ya gano a matsayin masu mahimmanci ga aikin masana'antar:
Daidaito daidai. Babban haɗin motar an daidaita shi da tsakanin radial da axial deviation 0.04mm - ya fi tsauri fiye da ƙayyadaddun masana'antar Hongyang na 0.08mm. Ƙungiyar injiniyan ta yi cikakken yini ɗaya tana daidaitawa ita kaɗai, suna bayyana wa ma'aikatan kula da injin cewa ko da ƙaramin kuskure yana hanzarta lalacewar bearing kuma yana haifar da girgiza wanda ke lalata daidaiton pellet.
Tsarin karya zobe na mutu. Injiniyoyin sun kula da tsarin karya na tsawon awanni 8 ta amfani da cakuda garin waken soya mai da kuma shinkafa mai kyau, wanda ke aiki da kashi 60% na nauyin injin. Wannan tsarin - wanda ke sanya harsashin birgima a saman mutun kuma yana ƙona ramukan mutun - aiki ne na yau da kullun a masana'antar abinci ta Turai amma bai saba da masu aikin Namakkal ba. "Ba mu taɓa yin karya tsari a da ba," in ji mai kula da gyaran. "Mun saba fara ciyar da kayan abinci a cikakken farashi kuma muna fatan samun mafi kyau."
Horar da ma'aikata. A cikin zaman aiki biyar, injiniyoyin sun yi aiki a kan daidaita gibin nadi (juriyar 0.15-0.25mm don ciyar da kaji), sigogin ingancin tururi (tururi mai cike da 0.3-0.4 MPa, zafin jiki na digiri 80-85 C), duba lalacewar mutu ta amfani da ma'aunin rami, da kuma magance matsalolin rashin ingancin pellet. An bar kayan horo a cikin Turanci da Tamil, waɗanda aka ƙera musamman don wannan shigarwa.
PDI na farko ya auna kashi 94.8% - ya zarce burin kashi 92% kuma ya kusanci ma'aunin 95% da aka yi la'akari da inganci mai kyau a masana'antar kiwon kaji na kasuwanci.
5. Sakamakon Aiki (Mayu 2024 - Yanzu)
Bayan watanni 20 na ci gaba da aiki, ana sarrafa kimanin tan 36,000 na abincin kaji, HYPM-508 ya samar da sakamako masu zuwa:
- Ingantaccen aiki: an inganta daga 3.8-5.2 t/h (maras tabbas) zuwa 6.5 t/h (mara tabbas), ci gaba +25% zuwa +71%
- Pellet Durability Index (PDI): an inganta daga 86-90% zuwa 94-95%, karuwar maki +5 zuwa +9
- Samar da takin zamani a lokacin saka jakunkuna: an rage daga kashi 7-9% zuwa kashi 2.8-3.2%, raguwar -63%
- Rayuwar sabis na Ring die: an inganta daga watanni 9-11 zuwa watanni 20+ (ana ci gaba da aiki), ci gaba +100% +
- Lokacin hutun da ba a tsara ba (kowane wata): an rage daga awanni 16 zuwa awanni 2, raguwar -87.5%
- Yawan amfani da makamashi a kowace tan: an rage shi daga 21.6 kWh/t zuwa 17.8 kWh/t, wani ci gaba -17.6%
Abubuwa da dama da aka lura sun cancanci a kula da su:
Kwanciyar wutar lantarki. Ba kamar na baya ba, wanda fitarwarsa ta canza da tan 1.4 a kowace awa dangane da yanayin mashin, HYPM-508 ta ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙaramin madaurin t/h 6.3-6.7 a tsawon rayuwarta ta aiki. Masu aiki sun danganta wannan da daidaiton ramukan mashin da aka haƙa da bindiga da kuma daidaiton rata mai birgima - abubuwan da ke tabbatar da daidaiton matse kayan a duk faɗin saman aikin mashin.
Tsawon lokacin da aka ɗauka. Na'urar zobe ta asali tana aiki bayan watanni 20 da kimanin sa'o'i 5,500 na aiki, tare da ma'aunin ma'aunin rami yana nuna ƙasa da 0.3mm na lalacewa mai diamita a saman na'urar. Wannan aikin kai tsaye yana nuna ƙarfe na 4Cr13, tsarin taurarewar injin, da kuma tsarin karyawa mai kyau. A halin yanzu, manajan samarwa yana kimanta tsawon lokacin sabis ɗin da ya wuce watanni 24 - fiye da ninki biyu na zagayowar watanni 9-11 da aka taɓa gani a baya.
Ingancin makamashi. Rage amfani da makamashi da kashi 17.6% a kowace tan - daga 21.6 kWh zuwa 17.8 kWh - yana samar da tanadin wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara na kimanin INR 840,000 a ƙimar wutar lantarki ta masana'antu ta Tamil Nadu na INR 8.50 a kowace kWh. A tsawon shekaru 15 da ake sa ran yin amfani da injin pellet, waɗannan tanadin da aka tara kawai sun dace da farashin babban jari na kayan aikin.
6. Ra'ayin Abokin Ciniki
A wani bita na gaba da aka gudanar a watan Disamba na 2025, shugabannin Shri Balaji Feeds sun gano abubuwa uku da suka bambanta kwarewar Hongyang:
Da farko, bayyana gaskiya kafin sayarwa ya gina aminci kafin a canza kuɗi. Rahotannin ƙarfe, bayanan gwajin tauri, da kuma bayanan abokan ciniki kai tsaye sun samar da tushe na gaskiya don shawarar siyan da ma'aikatan injiniyan cikin gida za su iya tabbatarwa da kansu.
Na biyu, ingancin aikin - musamman tsarin karya yarjejeniyar da horar da masu aiki - an bayyana shi a matsayin jarin da aka zuba a cikin aiki na dogon lokaci maimakon aikin akwati. "Yawancin masu samar da kayayyaki suna aika injiniya don ya juya canjin ya tafi. Ƙungiyar Hongyang ta ci gaba har sai masu gudanar da mu sun iya gudanar da masana'antar ba tare da kulawa ba bisa ƙa'idodin da aka tsara," in ji manajan samarwa.
Na uku, martanin bayan an sayar da shi ya kasance iri ɗaya. Lokacin da wata ƙaramar matsalar hatimin tururi ta taso a watan 14, ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta gano matsalar daga nesa cikin awanni uku kuma ta aika da kayan maye gurbin hatimin da ya iso cikin kwanaki bakwai - da sauri fiye da lokacin jagora na kwanaki 10-14 da mai samar da kayayyaki na Indiya ya ambata don daidai sassan.
7. Kammalawa
Misalin Shri Balaji Feeds ya nuna wata ƙa'ida da ta fi kowace kasuwa: a fannin samar da abincin kaji, kwanciyar hankali a fannin samarwa shine ginshiƙin da ake gina ingancin pellet, ingancin farashi, da gamsuwar abokan ciniki. Injin sarrafa pellet na Hongyang HYPM-508 - ta hanyar injinan sarrafa zobe mai inganci, tsarin gudanarwa mai kyau, da kuma tallafin bayan tallace-tallace - ya ba wa mai haɗa Tamil Nadu na tsakiya damar canza aikin pellet mai tsada wanda ba shi da tabbas, mai tsada zuwa kadarar samarwa mai dorewa, mai inganci.
Ga masu haɗa kaji na Indiya da ke tafiya a kasuwa inda abincin da ake ciyarwa ke wakiltar kashi 65-70% na jimlar kuɗin samarwa, ingancin kayan aiki ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba - abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci a gasa. Tarihin aiki na watanni 20 a Shri Balaji Feeds, wanda ya haɗa da kashi 94%+ na PDI, tanadin makamashi 17.6%, da maye gurbin mayukan zobe, ya nuna cewa haɗin Hongyang na daidaiton masana'antu da jajircewar sabis yana ba da ƙima mai ma'ana, mai ɗorewa a cikin yanayin samar da abinci mai yawa, mai sauƙin amfani da riba.
Nassoshin bayanai: [1] Hasashen Abinci na Alltech Agri-Food / ƙididdigar samar da abinci na Indiya; [2] Ƙungiyar IMARC, "Rahoton Kasuwar Ciyar da Kaji ta Indiya 2025-2030"; [3] Mujallar Kimiyyar Kaji ta Indiya, batutuwa daban-daban kan nau'in abinci da aikin gasasshen nama; [4] ASAE Standard S269.4, "Kubes, Pellets, da Crumbles - Ma'anoni da Hanyoyi don Ƙayyade Yawan Kaya, Dorewa, da Abubuwan Danshi"; [5] Hukumar Aikin Noma ta Ƙasashen Waje ta USDA, "Rahoton Shekara-shekara na Kaji da Kayayyaki na Indiya."
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-29-2026
