Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i
Sashen noman kwarkwata a Myanmar ya faɗaɗa sosai a cikin rabin shekaru goma da suka gabata, sakamakon ƙaruwar buƙatar ƙwai da nama na kwarkwata a cikin gida a Yangon, Mandalay, da kuma Ayeyarwady Delta. Duk da haka, akwai babban kaso na ayyukan ƙananan da matsakaitan makwarkwata da ke ci gaba da dogaro da abincin da ake ci - hanyar ciyarwa wadda ke ɗauke da matsaloli: rabuwar sinadaran yayin jigilar su, ƙaruwar ƙura da ke fusata tsarin numfashin tsuntsaye, da kuma ɗabi'ar ciyarwa ta zaɓi wadda ke lalata daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki. Wannan nazarin ya ƙunshi gogewar wani haɗin gwiwa mai layukan kwarkwata 60,000 a Yankin Bago wanda ya maye gurbin shirin ciyar da su ta hanyar da aka yi da dawa da tsarin da aka gina a kusa da injin niƙa na Hongyang HYPM da kuma wani nau'in zobe na musamman da aka ƙera. Ana nazarin bayanan samarwa na watanni goma sha biyu don tantance ingancin pellet, ingancin abinci, aikin tsuntsaye, da kwanciyar hankali a aiki.
1. Sashen Quail na Myanmar da Gibin Pellet
Masana'antar kaji a Myanmar ta daɗe tana mai da hankali kan kaji masu kaji da kuma waɗanda aka yi musu kaciya, duk da haka noman kwarkwata - musamman kwarkwatar Japan (Coturnix japonica) da aka noma don samar da ƙwai - ya bayyana a matsayin wani yanki mai saurin girma. Bayanan gwamnati da Sashen Kiwo da Kula da Dabbobi suka tattara sun nuna cewa yawan kwarkwata na ƙasa ya zarce tsuntsaye miliyan 8 a shekarar 2025, inda Yankin Bago, yankin Yangon, da Sagaing suka kai sama da kashi 60% na rijiyoyin. Yawancin ayyukan an tsara su ne a matsayin ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa ko hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa masu haɓaka kwangila waɗanda ke tattara sayayya don ciyar da abinci, ayyukan dabbobi, da kuma damar kasuwa ga ƙananan masu riƙe ƙwai.
Duk da wannan ci gaban, fasahar ciyar da abinci ta tsaya cak. Wani bincike da Ƙungiyar Kula da Dabbobi ta Myanmar ta gudanar a shekarar 2024 ya gano cewa kusan kashi 70% na masu samar da ƙwai na kwai har yanzu suna ba da abincin da aka dafa, idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa da kashi 30% ta amfani da crumbles ko pellets. Dalilan sun haɗa da tattalin arziki - injinan pellet suna wakiltar kuɗin jari - kuma wani ɓangare na gibin ilimi game da fa'idodin samarwa da pellet zai iya bayarwa ga ƙaramin tsuntsu mai saurin kamuwa da cutar metabolism kamar kwai.
2. Yanayin Fara Aiki na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Gwiwa
Kamfanin haɗin gwiwar da ke aiki a yankin, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 90 arewa maso gabashin Yangon a yankin Bago, yana aiki a sikelin kimanin kwarkwata 60,000 da aka ajiye a kan rumfa shida masu buɗewa tare da iskar iska a cikin ramin. Kafin haɓaka kayan aikin, kamfanin ya samo wani tarin abinci na masara da waken soya daga wani kamfanin sarrafa abinci na kasuwanci da ke kusa kuma ya haɗa shi a wurin da aka samo shinkafa da aka yi da gida da kuma dutse mai laushi, yana ba da abincin da aka gama a matsayin busasshen dusa.
Ma'aunin asali da aka tattara a cikin watanni shida kafin haɓakawa sun nuna waɗannan:
Rabon Canza Abinci (FCR): 2.85 kg na ciyarwa a kowace kilogiram na ƙwai da aka samar (matsakaicin nauyi a cikin rumfuna shida). Yawan ciyarwa a kowace tsuntsu: 26.5 g, tare da kimanta zubar da ƙura da asarar ƙura kusan 8-10% tsakanin magudanar ruwa da tiren ciyarwa. Samar da ƙwai na Ranar Kare: 82.3% (matsakaicin a cikin rumfuna; rumfuna mafi kyau a 85.1%, mafi rauni a 78.6%). Mutuwa: 1.9% a cikin zagayowar samarwa na kwanaki 28, tare da matsalolin numfashi suna da babban rabo na ƙura.
Gudanar da haɗin gwiwa ta gano wurare uku masu zafi: yawan ɓata abinci a wurin ciyarwa, rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki saboda tsuntsaye suna zaɓar manyan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna barin foda mai laushi a baya, da kuma fashewar numfashi da ƙura ke haifarwa lokaci-lokaci a lokacin rani (Nuwamba - Fabrairu).
3. Hanyar Shawara
Bayan tantance shawarwari daga masu samar da kayan aiki guda uku, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi injin niƙa na Hongyang HYPM series ring die pellet wanda aka ƙiyasta shi da tan 3-5 a kowace awa - ma'aunin da ya dace da yawan aikin ƙungiyar, wanda ke shawagi kimanin tan 3.2 a kowace rana. Shawarar ta dogara ne akan la'akari da dama:
1. Shigar da kayan aikin gida. Hongyang ta ƙaddamar da wani sashin HYPM a wani injin samar da abinci mai faɗi da ke Yangon watanni 14 da suka gabata; wakilan haɗin gwiwa sun ziyarci wurin kuma sun lura da yadda aikin ke tafiya daidai.
2. Ƙarfin keɓance zoben da aka yi da mayafin. Abincin quail yana buƙatar diamita na pellet da aka gama tsakanin mm 1.5 zuwa 2.5 - ƙarami sosai fiye da pellets ɗin mm 3 da 5 da ake amfani da su don yin broilers da yadudduka. Ƙungiyar injiniyan Hongyang ta bayar da mayafin zoben da aka gina da manufa tare da diamita mai dacewa na rami, rabon matsi, da kuma ƙarfe don wannan aikace-aikacen.
3. Kusa da wurin bayan sayarwa. Wani ƙwararren ma'aikaci da Hongyang ya horar da shi wanda ke zaune a Yangon ya sami damar kula da shigarwa da kuma gudanar da zagayen gyara na farko da aka tsara a wurin.
4. Injiniyan Ring Die don Quail Feed
Madaurin zobe yana wakiltar zuciyar kowace injin niƙa, kuma sigogin ƙiransa kai tsaye ke sarrafa ingancin madaurin, yawan fitarwa, da kuma yawan amfani da kuzari a kowace tan. Don wannan amfani da abincin kwarkwata, Hongyang ya samar da madaurin zobe wanda aka tsara bisa ga waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai:
Kayan da aka yi da ƙarfe: ƙarfe mai ƙarfe 20CrMnTi, an yi shi da kauri kuma an kashe shi da injin. Taurin saman: HRC 58-62. Diamita na rami: 2.0 mm. Ingancin rabon matsi (L/D): 1:8.5. Faɗin aiki na mutu: 140 mm. Tsarin sassauci: Maɓallin shiga mai tauri tare da sassaucin silinda, mai matakai 3 na counterbore. Bayan sarrafawa: Goge matakai da yawa zuwa Ra ≤ 0.8 µm ƙazanta na ramin ciki.
Dalilin da ya sa waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan suke da muhimmanci. Rabon matsewa na 1:8.5 yana da tsari da gangan don rabon Layer ɗin quail mai yawan zare (ɗanyen zare - 4.2%) don guje wa gogayya mai yawa da samar da zafi, wanda zai iya lalata bitamin masu saurin lalacewa da amino acid na roba. Haɗin 20CrMnTi tare da kashewar injin yana samar da Layer na saman martensitic wanda yake jure lalacewa kuma yana da karko a ƙarƙashin zagayowar zafi kamar yadda ake yi a ayyukan dakatarwa na yau da kullun. Rage matsin lamba na matakai uku yana rage matsin lamba na baya a wurin fita daga matsewar, yana rage takamaiman amfani da kuzari yayin da yake kiyaye amincin matsewar. Ana riƙe juriyar diamita na rami zuwa ±0.05 mm, yana tabbatar da cewa kowane ramin matsewa 1,400+ yana samar da matsewa a cikin madauri mai tsayi - wani abu da ke da mahimmanci lokacin ciyar da tsuntsu da faɗin baki na 'yan milimita kaɗan.
5. Haɓaka Samarwa da Ingantaccen Aiki a Cikakkiyar Hanya
An kammala shigarwa a cikin kwanaki biyar a lokacin da aka tsara lokacin da za a dakatar da samar da shi. An haɗa injin niƙa pellet ɗin a ƙasan injin haɗa ribbon da ke akwai da kuma sama da injin sanyaya iska, wanda ya samar da layin pellet mai ci gaba. Zafin sanyaya ya daidaita a 78-82°C tare da lokacin zama na daƙiƙa 45-50, ta amfani da busasshen tururi mai cike da sanduna 2.5 - sigogin da aka isa ta hanyar tsarin aiki mai tsari wanda ya haɗa da gyare-gyare kaɗan a cikin rukuni 14.
Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ta sauya dukkan rumfunan guda shida zuwa abincin da aka yi wa feshi tsawon makonni uku domin ba tsuntsaye damar daidaitawa a hankali. An tattara bayanan bayan sauyin yanayi daga watan 4 zuwa watan 12, bayan da tsarin ya kai matsayin da ya dace kuma ƙungiyar tsuntsayen ta daidaita sosai:
FCR (kg ciyarwa / kg ƙwai): 2.85 haɓakawa kafin haɓakawa idan aka kwatanta da 2.47 bayan haɓakawa, raguwar 13.3%. Yawan cin abinci na yau da kullun (g/tsuntsu): 26.5 haɓakawa kafin haɓakawa idan aka kwatanta da 24.8 bayan haɓakawa, raguwar 6.4%. Yawan cin abinci (% na abincin da aka isar): 8-10% haɓakawa kafin haɓakawa idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa da 2% bayan haɓakawa, kimanin raguwar 80%. Yawan cin ƙwai na ranar kaka: 82.3% haɓakawa kafin haɓakawa idan aka kwatanta da 86.9% bayan haɓakawa, ƙaruwar maki 4.6. Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet (PDI): 96.8% bayan haɓakawa (ba ya dace ba kafin haɓakawa). Taurin pellet: 1.2-1.5 kg bayan haɓakawa (ba ya dace ba kafin haɓakawa). Mutuwa a kowace zagaye: 1.9% haɓakawa kafin haɓakawa idan aka kwatanta da 1.3% bayan haɓakawa, raguwar maki 0.6. Wutar Lantarki: 14.8 kWh/tan pellet bayan haɓakawa (ba ya dace da haɓakawa kafin haɓakawa ba).
Ƙimar PDI ta kashi 96.8%, wanda aka auna a kowace kwata ta amfani da na'urar gwada Holmen, yana nuna ƙarfin ƙarfin pellet ta hanyar jigilar kaya, ajiyar kwandon shara, da rarraba auger. Kashi mai laushi - kayan da ke wucewa da sieve mai girman mm 1.0 - ya kasance ƙasa da kashi 1.5% na jimlar fitarwa, wanda ma'aikatan haɗin gwiwa suka danganta da yanayin rami iri ɗaya da kuma saman ciki na ma'aunin zoben Hongyang da aka goge.
6. Sakamako Mai Ma'ana ga Ƙungiyar Haɗin Gwiwa
Bayan karuwar da aka samu, an samu sauye-sauye da dama a fannin aiki a lokacin ziyarar kulawa da kuma hirarrakin manoma da aka yi a lokacin bayan an inganta aikin:
Daidaito tsakanin halayen ciyarwa. Yawan ciyarwa da ake yi ta hanyar zaɓi - tsuntsaye suna karce abinci don ware ƙwayoyin da aka fi so - ya ragu sosai. Saboda ƙwayoyin suna ɗauke da dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata a cikin kowane yanki daban, kowane peck yana ba da cikakken adadin abinci mai gina jiki.
Lafiyar numfashi. Yawan ƙurar da aka auna a cikin rumfunan ya ragu daga matsakaicin 2.8 mg/m³ zuwa 0.7 mg/m³ a lokacin rani, wanda ya yi daidai da raguwar ƙurar da ke da alaƙa da numfashi daga 0.7% zuwa 0.3% a kowace zagaye.
Ingancin harsashin ƙwai. Kwai daga garken da aka ciyar da ƙwai sun nuna matsakaicin kauri harsashi na 0.196 mm idan aka kwatanta da 0.183 mm a ƙarƙashin tsarin mash, wani ci gaba da masanin abinci mai gina jiki na ƙungiyar ya danganta da yawan sinadarin calcium da phosphorus a cikin matrix mai pelletized inda aka ɗaure ƙananan duwatsun dutse maimakon su zauna.
Amincewar mai aiki. Injin pellet ɗin yana aiki akai-akai na tsawon kwanaki 22 zuwa 23 a kowace zagaye na kwanaki 28 tare da lokacin hutu da aka tsara ya iyakance ga duba gawa da kuma shafa man shafawa akai-akai. Ba a sami wani tsaiko da aka tsara ba sakamakon injin pellet ko zobe a lokacin tazara ta watanni 9.
7. Tsarin Ingancin Hongyang
Ayyukan da aka lura a wannan haɗin gwiwa na Bago sun nuna wasu fannoni na masana'antu da aka haɗa a cikin layin samar da zoben ƙarfe na Hongyang:
Ana iya gano kayan da aka yi amfani da su. Kowace zobe mara komai ana sanya mata lambar zafi wadda ke nuna takardar shaidar injin ƙarfe ta asali, tana yin rikodin abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai da halayen injina kafin a fara aikin injin.
Tsarin kashe zafi na injin. Ana gudanar da maganin zafi a cikin tanderu mai injin tsabtace iska tare da sarrafa zafin jiki na yankuna da yawa, sannan sai a yi maganin cryogenic mai zurfi don canza austenite mai riƙewa zuwa martensite - wani mataki wanda ke daidaita tsarin injin ɗin kuma yana tsawaita rayuwar sabis a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai maimaitawa.
Tsarin aiki a tashoshi da yawa. Ana duba diamita na rami, rami, da tsarin da ke kan ramin ta amfani da injinan aunawa (CMM) a matakai uku: bayan haƙa bindiga, bayan maganin zafi, da kuma bayan gogewa ta ƙarshe. Ba a yarda da ƙwayoyin da suka faɗi ƙasa da juriyar ±0.05 mm ba kafin a kawo su.
Shigar da kaya kafin aikawa. Kowace injin niƙa pellet na HYPM tana fuskantar gwajin rashin kaya da kuma gwajin ɗaukar kaya na ɗan gajeren lokaci a masana'anta kafin a yi mata caji, don tabbatar da cewa an share na'urar, yanayin zafi, da matakan girgiza sun cika ƙa'idodi.
Waɗannan ba da'awar talla ba ne; ƙofofin sarrafa inganci ne da mai siye zai iya tabbatarwa yayin binciken masana'anta - zaɓi ne da ƙungiyar ke da niyyar aiwatarwa lokacin da ta faɗaɗa zuwa layin samarwa na biyu.
8. Takaitaccen Bayani
Kwarewar ƙungiyar Bago ta nuna cewa sauya tsarin rabon kwarkwata daga nau'in mashed zuwa pellet, ta amfani da kayan aikin pellet da aka ƙayyade daidai da kuma zoben die da aka ƙera don amfani, na iya samar da ci gaba mai lambobi biyu a cikin ingancin canza abinci yayin da ake rage sharar gida, daidaita lafiyar garken, da kuma haɓaka fitowar ƙwai. Injin pellet na Hongyang HYPM series, wanda aka haɗa shi da na'urar 20CrMnTi ta musamman wadda aka gina bisa ga juriya mai ƙarfi da kuma rabon matsewa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, ya samar da ingantaccen aiki a cikin watanni tara na ci gaba da aiki - ba tare da wani katsewa ɗaya ba da aka haɗa da layin pellet. Ga ɓangaren kwarkwata mai tasowa na Myanmar, inda ake siffanta ribar da farashin abinci kamar farashin ƙwai, wannan nau'in saka hannun jari na kayan aiki yana ba da hanya mai amfani zuwa ga tattalin arziki mafi kyau.
Tushen bayanai: Rajistar samar da kayayyaki na haɗin gwiwa (Janairu 2025 - Maris 2026), rahotannin nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta na kwata-kwata, ƙidayar makwanni da ma'aikatar kiwon dabbobi ta dabbobi (2025), binciken aikin ciyar da abinci na ƙungiyar dabbobi ta Myanmar (2024). Hotuna da bayanan ziyarar wurin suna samuwa idan an buƙata.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-09-2026
