Takaitaccen Bayani Norway ita ce ƙasar da ta fi kowacce samar da kifin salmon na Atlantic a duniya, tana tattara tan miliyan 1.553 a shekarar 2024 kuma tana cin kimanin tan miliyan 1.8 zuwa 2.0 na abincin da aka ƙera a kowace shekara. Ingancin kifin salmon - musamman daidaiton ruwa, juriya, da kuma yanayin nutsewa - kai tsaye yana ƙayyade rabon canza abincin gona (FCR) da kuma sawun muhalli na ayyukan kiwon kamun kifi. Rashin ingancin kifin pellet yana haifar da zubar da abinci mai gina jiki, rashin cin abinci da aka ci yana zaune a kan teku, da kuma hauhawar farashin samarwa wanda ke lalata ribar da ta riga ta yi ƙasa a fannin kifin salmon na ƙasar Norway mai gasa sosai. Wannan binciken ya binciki ƙwarewar Fjordfôr AS, wani kamfanin samar da abinci mai zaman kansa mai matsakaicin girma wanda ke yankin Trøndelag na tsakiyar Norway. Kamfanin yana aiki da layin samarwa guda ɗaya da ke hidimar abokan cinikin kifin salmon bakwai a bakin tekun Helgeland, tare da fitar da kimanin tan 35,000 na metric a kowace shekara. A tsakiyar shekarar 2025, Fjordfôr ta maye gurbin injin niƙa na pellet ɗinta da wani injin niƙa na SZLH na musamman daga Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang). Bayan watanni huɗu na ci gaba da samarwa, layin Hongyang ya ba da ci gaba mai yawa a duk manyan ma'aunin ingancin pellet: Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet (PDI) ya kai kashi 96.2%, daidaiton ruwa bayan nutsewa na minti 30 a cikin ruwan teku mai zafi digiri 10°C ya inganta zuwa kashi 91%, takamaiman amfani da makamashi ya ragu da kashi 14% zuwa 12.6 kWh a kowace tan, kuma rage yawan abin da ake ci a cikin jaka ya ragu daga kashi 3.8% zuwa 1.4%. Layin yana aiki a kan ingantaccen samar da tan 8.5 a kowace awa, wanda ya dace da burin samarwa da aka saita yayin aikin. 1. Masana'antar Ciyar da Salmon ta Norway: Bukatun Fasaha da Girman da Norway ta samu a fannin kiwo na salmon na Atlantic an rubuta su da kyau. A shekarar 2024, ƙasar ta gudanar da wuraren samar da ruwan teku 994 kuma ta mallaki lasisin kiwon kifi 2,905, wanda daga cikinsu aka keɓe 1,651 ga kifin salmon da kifi. Jimillar noman kifin salmon da aka noma ya kai tan miliyan 1.553, adadi wanda ya ƙaru akai-akai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata kuma yana da tushe ga masana'antar fitar da kayayyaki ta NOK sama da biliyan 150 (Eurofish, 2025). Wannan yawan samarwa yana buƙatar babban sarkar samar da abinci. Kasuwar ciyar da kifin salmon ta Norway galibi tana ƙarƙashin manyan masana'antu huɗu - Skretteting (Nutreco), Mowi Feed, Cargill (EWOS), da BioMar - waɗanda jimillar fitarwarsu ta wuce tan miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara. Mowi Feed kaɗai ta samar da tan 584,586 na abinci a shekarar 2024, wanda ya samar da EBITDA na aiki na Yuro miliyan 62.2, kuma ta sanar da faɗaɗa tan 60,000 a masana'antar Bjugn da aka shirya kammalawa nan da kwata na biyu na 2026 (Rahoton Mowi Q4 na 2024). Skretteting Norway ta ba da rahoton cewa tasirin sinadarin carbon da take samarwa ya ragu zuwa kilogiram 1.41 na CO2 a kowace kilogiram na abinci a shekarar 2024, raguwar kashi 46% daga farkon shekarar 2020, wanda galibi ya samo asali ne daga maye gurbin kayan abinci da inganta ingancin makamashi (Rahoton Tasirin Skrette Norway, 2024). Masana'antun abinci masu zaman kansu kamar Fjordfôr suna da wani yanki mai mahimmanci amma mai mahimmanci a kasuwa. Waɗannan masana'antun galibi suna hidimar rukunin manoma na yanki, suna ba da sassaucin tsari wanda manyan masu fafatawa ba za su iya daidaitawa da ƙananan abokan ciniki ba, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye juriyar sarkar samar da kayayyaki a bakin tekun Norway mai nisan kilomita 2,500. Duk da haka, suna fuskantar buƙatun fasaha iri ɗaya da na manyan masana'antu - kuma a wasu fannoni ƙalubale mafi girma, ganin cewa suna aiki da ƙarancin layukan samarwa kuma ba za su iya biyan lokacin hutu ba. Tsarin abincin Salmon yana ɗaya daga cikin sassan da suka fi buƙatar fasaha a masana'antar samar da ruwa ta duniya. Abincin da ake amfani da shi na kifin salmon na Atlantic a cikin ruwan teku ya ƙunshi kashi 28-38% na lipid, 36-42% na furotin ɗanyen mai, da ƙasa da kashi 10% na cirewar da ba ta da nitrogen (NFE). Ana samun yawan kitsen da ke cikin kitse ta hanyar haɗakar ƙarin kitsen da ke cikin fitar da kitse (yawanci ana iyakance shi zuwa kashi 12% saboda buƙatun gogayya a cikin fitar da sukurori ɗaya) da kuma rufin bayan fitar da shi wanda ke kawo jimlar kitse zuwa ga maƙasudin samar da shi. Dole ne a nutse cikin sauri zuwa zurfin da ake buƙata a cikin alkalami mai kauri, a kasance cikinsa a lokacin da ake ciyar da shi a cikin ruwa na mintuna 20-40, kuma a jure wa lalacewar injiniya yayin isar da iska, ajiya, da jigilar kaya (ScienceDirect, 2025; Nofima, 2015). Sigogin ingancin pellet na zahiri da manoman salmon na Norway suka ɗauka ba za su iya yin sulhu ba sun haɗa da: daidaiton ruwa na akalla kashi 88-90% bayan mintuna 30 na nutsewa; Pellet Durability Index (PDI) sama da kashi 95%; saurin nutsewa daidai da ƙayyadaddun tsarin ciyarwa; da kuma ƙarancin abun ciki ƙasa da kashi 2% a wurin isarwa. Binciken da Nofima ta buga ya nuna cewa dorewar pellet da kwanciyar hankali na ruwa suna da alaƙa mai kyau da shan abincin salmon na Atlantic, yayin da yawan tara ke haifar da asarar tattalin arziki kai tsaye da tasirin muhalli na gida. 2. Kalubalen da ke Fjordfôr: Tsufa Kayan Aiki, Raguwar Inganci Kafin farkon 2025, ƙungiyar samar da kayayyaki ta Fjordfôr ta yi rubuce-rubuce kan raguwar ingancin pellet daga injin niƙa na pellet ɗin da ke akwai, wanda ya tara sama da sa'o'i 36,000 na aiki tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 2011. Raguwar ta bayyana ta hanyoyi uku masu aunawa: Na farko, daidaiton ruwa bayan mintuna 30 ya faɗi daga matsakaicin tarihi na 88% zuwa 84%, wanda ya faɗi ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin buƙata da aka ƙayyade a cikin yarjejeniyar ɗaukar kaya ta kamfanin da abokan cinikin noma. Na biyu, PDI ta ragu daga 94% zuwa kusan 91%, wanda ya haifar da tara da ta tara yayin jigilar kaya kuma ya haifar da matsalolin kula da ƙura a wuraren isar da kayan gona. Na uku, takamaiman amfani da makamashi ya ragu zuwa kusan 14.6 kWh a kowace tan, kusan 16% sama da ma'aunin injin niƙa na pellet na zamani a cikin aji 132-160 kW. Binciken tushen dalilin ya gano lalacewar bera na zobe a matsayin babban abin da ke haifar da hakan. Bayan awanni 36,000, ramukan dia sun nuna girman diamita mai aunawa da kuma lalacewar saman, wanda ya haifar da matsi mara daidaito a fuskar dia. Diander mai shaft guda ɗaya da ke akwai shi ma ya nuna canjin zafin jiki na ±5°C yayin aikin samarwa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga rashin daidaituwar gelatinization na sitaci da kuma raunin ɗaure pellet. Shugabannin Fjordfôr sun tantance zaɓuɓɓuka uku: gyara layin da ke akwai tare da mashin zobe mai maye gurbin da kuma ingantaccen diander; siyan sabon injin niƙa pellet daga ɗaya daga cikin masana'antun Turai da aka kafa; ko kimanta madadin farashi mai gasa daga masu samar da kayayyaki na Asiya waɗanda ke da ƙwarewar ciyar da salmon. Shawarar shiga Hongyang ta samo asali ne daga cikakken binciken da aka yi da wani mai samar da abincin salmon na Chile wanda ya ba da umarnin layin Hongyang SZLH a 2024 kuma ya ba da rahoton inganta daidaiton ruwa daga 84% zuwa 92% tare da tanadin makamashi 12% (Nazarin Shari'ar Ciyar da Salmon na Hongyang, 2025). 3. Maganin Fasaha na Hongyang: Injiniyoyin da aka kera musamman don Kifin Salmon sun gudanar da wani bincike na kwanaki huɗu a wurin a cibiyar Fjordfôr kusa da Namsos, suna nazarin tsarin da ake da shi, suna duba watanni shida na rajistar samarwa, da kuma gwada samfuran da aka yi da mashin daga tsarin manomin salmon na kamfanin. Shawarar da aka samu ta mayar da hankali ne kan injin niƙa na SZLH508 mai siffar zobe wanda aka tsara musamman don samar da abincin salmon mai yawan lipid da nutsewa. An bayyana mahimman bayanai na fasaha da dalilan ƙira a ƙasa. Rabon Matsi na Zobe. Tsarin abincin salmon tare da furotin 32-36% da kuma kitse 12-15% kafin fitarwa yana buƙatar babban rabon matsi fiye da abincin dabbobi na yau da kullun don cimma isasshen yawan pellet da kwanciyar hankali na ruwa. Hongyang ta ƙayyade rabon matsi na 1:11 ga mashin zobe, wanda aka ƙididdige bisa ga takamaiman abun da Fjordfôr ya ƙunsa - kimanin kashi 28% na abincin kifi, kashi 16% na sinadarin waken soya, kashi 14% na alkama, kashi 10% na man kifi (kafin fitar da shi), da kashi 8% na sitaci na wake a matsayin abin ɗaurewa, tare da daidaiton ya ƙunshi sinadaran bitamin da ma'adanai. Wannan rabon matsi yana tabbatar da isasshen matsin lamba na injiniya don gelatinization na sitaci ba tare da cika matsewar pellet ba, wanda zai rage saurin nutsewa da kuma daidaita yanayin ciyarwa. Tsarin Bambancin Shaft Biyu. An sanya layin SZLH508 mai kwandishan mai shaft biyu wanda ke ba da ikon sarrafa gudu mai zaman kansa akan kowane shaft, yana ba da damar daidaita lokacin riƙewa daidai (yawanci daƙiƙa 60-120 don ciyar da ruwa) da ƙarfin haɗuwa. Wannan ƙira ta samar da daidaiton shigar danshi da rarraba zafin jiki a duk faɗin ƙarar mashin kafin shigar da mashin. A lokacin gwaje-gwajen samarwa, an kiyaye daidaiton zafin kwandishan a cikin ±2°C a wani wuri na 88°C, idan aka kwatanta da ±5°C akan kayan aikin da suka gabata. Daidaitaccen tsari yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga abincin salmon saboda rashin cikakken gelatinization na sitaci yana raunana ɗaurewar pellet kai tsaye, yana rage daidaiton ruwa da ƙara yawan samar da filaye. Zoben ƙarfe da kuma Finishing na Surface. Hongyang ya samar da zoben ƙarfe mai tauri mai injin tsotsa (HRC 58–60) tare da ƙaiƙayin saman ramin mutu wanda aka goge zuwa Ra ≤ 0.8 μm. Wannan ƙayyadaddun kayan ƙarfe yana ba da juriya mai kyau ga halayen gogewa na ƙirar kifi mai yawan toka. Fuskar ramin da aka goge tana rage gogayya yayin fitar da pellet, tana ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga ribar ingancin makamashi da aka gani yayin samarwa. Tsawon rayuwar sabis na zoben mutun bisa ga gwajin ma'aunin abrasion na Fjordfôr shine kimanin tan 11,000–12,000 a kowace mutun, ci gaba na 40–50% akan tazara ta tarihi ta maye gurbin mutun. Tsarin Tuki da Ingancin Makamashi. Tsarin SZLH508 a Fjordfôr yana amfani da babban injin 160 kW tare da watsawa mai sarrafa gear. Injin sarrafa gear yana samar da ingantaccen watsa karfin juyi (kimanin kashi 96-97%) idan aka kwatanta da madadin da ke amfani da bel, yana fassara wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa aikin fesawa da rage asarar makamashi. Tare da rage gogayya daga ramukan die da aka goge, wannan tsarin tuƙi ya ba da gudummawa ga raguwar 14% a takamaiman amfani da makamashi. An kammala shigarwa a lokacin rufewar gyaran kwanaki 10 da aka tsara a watan Agusta 2025. Ƙungiyar kwamitocin Hongyang ta ci gaba da kasancewa a wurin na ƙarin kwanaki biyar don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen samarwa a cikin tsarin ciyar da salmon guda uku na Fjordfôr (mai farawa, mai noma, da mai gamawa), inganta sigogin kwandishan don kowane girke-girke, da kuma horar da masu aiki na canjin aiki na kamfanin kan hanyoyin canza kaya da jadawalin kulawa na rigakafi. 4. Sakamakon Samarwa da Ma'aunin Ingancin Pellet Bayan watanni huɗu na ci gaba da aiki, Fjordfôr ya rubuta ma'aunin aiki masu zuwa, yana kwatanta sabon layin Hongyang SZLH508 da kayan aikin da suka gabata: Yawan aiki ya karu daga tan 6.8 zuwa tan 8.5 a kowace awa, ci gaba da kashi 25%. Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet (PDI) ya tashi daga kashi 91.2% zuwa kashi 96.2%, karuwar maki 5.0%. Daidaiton ruwa bayan nutsewa cikin ruwan teku na minti 30 a digiri 10 na Celsius ya inganta daga kashi 84% zuwa kashi 91%, karuwar maki 7%. Rage yawan abin da ke cikin ruwan bayan sanyaya ya ragu daga kashi 3.8% zuwa kashi 1.4%, raguwar kashi 63%. Yawan amfani da makamashi na musamman ya ragu daga kashi 14.6 zuwa 12.6 kWh a kowace tan, wanda hakan ya rage kashi 14%. Daidaiton zafin jiki na sanyaya ya inganta daga digiri 5 na Celsius zuwa digiri 2 na Celsius da ƙari ko raguwa, raguwar kashi 60%. An yi hasashen tsawon rayuwar zoben da aka yi hasashen zai karu daga kimanin tan 8,000 zuwa kimanin tan 12,000, karuwar kashi 50%. Inganta kashi 7 na daidaiton ruwa shine mafi girman sakamako a fannin kasuwanci. A fannin kiwon kifi, abincin da ya lalace kafin a ci yana wakiltar asarar kuɗi kai tsaye. Fjordfôr ta kiyasta cewa inganta daidaiton ruwa shi kaɗai yana hana kimanin tan 450 na sharar abinci kowace shekara a gonakin abokan cinikinta - abincin da zai jawo sinadarai masu gina jiki zuwa yanayin ruwa ba tare da ya taimaka wajen haɓaka kifaye ba. A farashin abincin salmon na Norway, matsakaicin NOK 12,500 a kowace tan (kimanin dala 1,180), wannan yana wakiltar kusan NOK miliyan 5.6 a cikin kuɗin abinci da aka guji a kowace shekara. Rage yawan abincin da aka tara daga kashi 3.8% zuwa kashi 1.4% shi ma yana da mahimmancin aiki. Tarar da aka samu yayin jigilar kaya da sarrafawa yana haifar da ƙurar numfashi a wuraren ajiyar abinci, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin lafiyar aiki da haɗarin fashewa. Da yawa daga cikin abokan cinikin noma na Fjordfôr sun ba da rahoton tarin ƙura a cikin tsarin ciyarwa ta atomatik, wanda ke haifar da toshewa da rarraba abinci mara daidaito a cikin alkalan raga. Ƙananan fitowar tarar da layin Hongyang ya yi ya rage waɗannan koke-koken sosai. Rabon canjin abinci da manyan abokan cinikin noma biyu na Fjordfôr suka ruwaito - dukkansu suna aiki a tsibiran Vikna - ya inganta daga matsakaicin 1.28:1 zuwa 1.21:1 a tsawon lokacin sa ido. Duk da cewa FCR yana da tasiri ta hanyar abubuwa da yawa ciki har da zafin ruwa, yanayin lafiyar kifi, da kuma kula da ciyarwa, manoman sun danganta kusan rabin wannan ci gaban da ingancin pellet na zahiri da layin Hongyang ya samar. 5. Girman Sabis: Dalilin da yasa Fjordfôr Ya Zaɓi Hongyang Bayan ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki da ma'aunin samarwa, manajan samarwa na Fjordfôr ya ambaci alƙawarin Hongyang kafin sayarwa da bayan shigarwa a matsayin muhimmin abu a cikin shawarar siye. Binciken tsarin kafin shigarwa ya bai wa Fjordfôr cikakken tushe na aikin layin da ake da shi, gami da ma'aunin PDI, taswirar amfani da makamashi, da rahoton nazarin saka zobe. Wannan takaddun ya ba wa manajoji damar yin hasashen dawowar jari tare da babban kwarin gwiwa - wani muhimmin la'akari ga masana'antar mai zaman kanta da ke aiki tare da ƙarancin ajiyar jari. A lokacin da ake gudanar da aikin, injiniyoyin Hongyang sun yi aiki tare da masu aikin Fjordfôr a cikin juyi uku na aiki, suna rufe hanyoyin canza kaya, inganta sigogin kwandishan don kowane tsari na ciyarwa, da kuma tsara tsare-tsaren kulawa na rigakafi. Shirin horarwa ya haɗa da cikakkun takardu na ingantattun sigogin aiki don kowanne girke-girke na abincin salmon na Fjordfôr, tare da wuraren da aka rubuta don matsin lamba na tururi, lokacin riƙe kwandishan, zafin jiki na mutu, da iskar iska mai sanyaya pellet. Hongyang kuma ya haɗa da sa ido kan firikwensin akan layin SZLH508, wanda ke ba da damar tallafawa ganewar asali daga nesa. Duk da cewa wurin da Fjordfôr ke nesa a Trøndelag yana sa ziyarar sabis a wurin ta zama mai wahala, ikon sa ido daga nesa yana ba ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang a China damar sake duba sigogin aiki da kuma sanar da abokin ciniki game da matsalolin da za su iya tasowa kafin su kai ga lokacin hutun da ba a shirya ba. 6. Kammalawa: Masana'antar Abinci ta Norway mai zaman kanta da Shari'ar Fasaha Mai Daraja Shari'ar Fjordfôr ta nuna cewa masana'antun abinci masu zaman kansu a kasuwannin kiwon kifi masu girma za su iya cimma ingancin pellet na duniya ba tare da kashe kuɗin jari da aka saba dangantawa da kayan aikin da aka samo daga Turai ba. Kamfanin injin niƙa pellet na Hongyang SZLH508 mai zobe ya samar da ma'aunin juriya da daidaiton ruwa wanda ya cika ko ya wuce ƙa'idodin da ƙwararrun manoman salmon na Norway ke buƙata, yayin da yake rage yawan amfani da makamashi da farashin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, wannan yanayin yana nuna wani yanayi da ake gani a kasuwar kayan aikin ruwa na duniya: masana'antun da ke saka hannun jari a injiniyan musamman na aikace-aikace - rabon matsi na musamman, kwandishan shaft biyu, injin ƙarfe mai taurare - na iya rage gibin aiki tare da madadin farashi mai tsada har zuwa inda shawarwarin siye masu inganci ke ɗauke da ƙarancin haɗarin fasaha. Ga Fjordfôr, jarin Hongyang ya ƙarfafa matsayinsa na gasa a kasuwar ciyar da kifi ta Trøndelag. Kamfanin ya ba da rahoton cewa ƙarin ayyukan noman kifi guda biyu sun tunkare shi don kwangilar samar da abinci tun lokacin da aka fara aikin sabon layin, yana ambaton ci gaban da ake gani a ingancin pellet da kuma ribar FCR da aka samu. A masana'antar kiwon kifi ta Norway - inda kowane tushe na inganta FCR ya fassara zuwa tanadin farashi a sikelin - ingancin pellet ba kawai ƙayyadaddun fasaha bane. Yana da bambancin kasuwanci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-19-2026
