Argentina ƙasa ce mai ƙarfi a duniya wajen samar da naman zomo da kuma fitar da shi, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 15% na cinikin naman zomo a duniya, inda farashin fitar da shi ya kai dala 6,817 a kowace tan - mafi girma a cikin dukkan nau'ikan nama da aka fitar daga Latin Amurka. Masana'antar ciyar da dabbobi ta ƙasar ta cinye tan miliyan 8.2 a shekarar 2024, inda kowace mutum ke cin kilogiram 174, wanda ke matsayi na uku a Latin Amurka bayan Jamhuriyar Dominican da Chile. A cikin wannan yanayin samar da abinci mai girma, abincin zomo yana gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman na fasaha: ƙwayoyin zomo dole ne su sami tauri mai kyau don lafiyar haƙoran zomo da kuma narkewar abinci, su kiyaye daidaiton tsarin yayin sarrafawa da jigilar su, da kuma samar da daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki.
Wannan binciken ya binciki yadda wani kamfanin samar da abincin zomo mai matsakaicin girma a lardin Córdoba - cibiyar noma ta Argentina - ya canza yanayin samar da pellet ta hanyar amfani da haɗin zoben Hongyang da haɗin harsashin roller. Kamfanin samar da pellet ya fuskanci matsaloli da suka shafi samar da pellet, wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ingancin samar da pellet, wanda hakan ke barazana ga kwangilolinsa da masu samar da zomo na kasuwanci waɗanda ke samar da kayayyaki ga kasuwar Tarayyar Turai.
Yanayin Masana'antar Abincin Zomo a Argentina
Masana'antar naman zomo ta Argentina ta ci gaba da bunƙasa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, sakamakon buƙatar EU mai ƙarfi da kuma fa'idodin da ƙasar ke da shi na samar da abincin alfalfa. An kiyasta kasuwar ciyar da zomo ta duniya a dala miliyan 249 a shekarar 2024, tare da hasashen cewa za a sami ƙaruwar kashi 4.97% a kowace shekara zuwa 2035. Latin Amurka tana wakiltar babban yanki na ci gaba a cikin wannan kasuwa, inda Argentina ke kan gaba a cikin fitar da naman zomo a nahiyar.
Tsarin abincin zomo ya bambanta sosai da abincin kaji ko alade na gargajiya. A cewar Littafin Littattafan Magungunan Zomo, ƙwayoyin zomo masu inganci ya kamata su ƙunshi zare mai yawa sama da 18%, furotin mai ɗanɗano tsakanin 12% da 16%, yawan kitse na 1-4%, da kuma matakan calcium na 0.6-1.0%. Matsayin ƙwayoyin - musamman girma, tauri, da juriya - yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin zomo. Tauri mai yawa yana hana cin abinci, yayin da rashin tauri yana haifar da tauri wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin numfashi da asarar abinci.
Ga masana'antun abinci da ke hidimar sarkar samar da abinci ta EU, ma'aunin dorewar pellet (PDI) ba kawai ma'aunin inganci ba ne, har ma da buƙatar bin ƙa'idodi. Gonakin zomaye masu mayar da hankali kan fitarwa suna buƙatar ƙimar PDI sama da kashi 95% don rage tarar yayin sarrafa abinci da yawa da kuma tabbatar da cewa an ci abinci iri ɗaya a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin dabbobi.
Kalubalen Abokin Ciniki
Kamfanin samar da abinci na Córdoba yana gudanar da layin samar da pellet da aka gina a kusa da injin mashin pellet mai girman mm 520 da aka ƙera a Turai, yana samar da kimanin tan 3.0 zuwa 3.8 a kowace awa na pellet ɗin abincin zomo a diamita daga mm 2.5 zuwa mm 3.5. Cibiyar tana samar da gonakin zomo na kasuwanci guda 12 a duk faɗin lardunan Córdoba da Santa Fe, suna samar da kimanin tan 8,500 na abincin zomo a kowace shekara.
Tun daga farkon shekarar 2024, ƙungiyar samar da injin ta lura da matsaloli guda uku a lokaci guda:
Bambancin taurin pellet. Tsarin samar da kayayyaki a jere ta amfani da wannan tsari ya haifar da ƙimar tauri tsakanin 4.2 zuwa 7.8 kg/cm², a wajen taga da aka nufa na 5.5–6.5 kg/cm². Bambancin ya tilasta ƙin kula da inganci, kuma a cikin misalai biyu da aka rubuta, ya haifar da ƙorafe-ƙorafe game da rage yawan abincin da ake ci a wuraren da aka gama.
Sawa mai sauri. Madaurin zoben da ke akwai, wanda aka samo daga masana'antar kayan aikin pellet na asali, yana buƙatar maye gurbinsa bayan kimanin tan 6,500 na fitarwa - kusan kashi 30% ƙasa da tsawon lokacin da ake tsammani na tan 9,000-10,000 don aikace-aikacen ciyar da zomo. Kowace madaurin maye gurbin yana kashe kimanin dala 3,800 a sassa kawai, ban da lokacin dakatar da samarwa na awanni 8-14 a kowane canji.
Ƙarfin samarwa ya ragu. Yawan aikin injin pellet yana raguwa a hankali a cikin kowace zagayowar rayuwar injin. Injin da ya fara samar da t3.5 a kowace awa a lokacin shigarwa zai ragu zuwa t2.8 a kowace awa cikin awanni 1,200 na aiki, wanda hakan ya tilasta wa injin ya gudanar da ayyukan da suka daɗe don cika jadawalin isarwa. Manajan samarwa ya danganta wannan da rashin kyawun bangon rami da kuma faɗaɗa diamita daga abincin alfalfa mai abrasive da ma'adanai da ke cikin tsarin.
Waɗannan batutuwa uku sun haɗu don haifar da gibin aminci wanda ke barazana ga ikon masana'antar na cika alƙawarin isar da kayayyaki ga babban abokin cinikinta, wato na'urar sarrafa zomo mai haɗa kai tsaye wadda ke fitar da naman zomo daskararre zuwa Spain da Italiya.
Kimanta Fasaha da Zaɓin Mutuwa
Tawagar injiniyan masana'antar, tare da tattaunawa da injiniyoyin aikace-aikacen Hongyang, sun gudanar da bita mai tsari kan sigogin pelletizing. Kimantawar ta mayar da hankali kan muhimman bayanai guda huɗu na die:
1. Rabon matsi. Ga abincin zomo mai yawan zare na 19-21% da kuma yawan haɗakar abincin alfalfa na 25-30%, an ƙaddara cewa mafi kyawun rabon matsi shine 1:9 zuwa 1:11. Ƙananan rabo sun samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ba su da isasshen tauri; mafi girman rabo sun ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi da kuma lalacewar mutu ba tare da ingantaccen inganci ba.
2. Girman rami da kuma rarrabawa. Ma'adinan niƙa da ake buƙata tare da diamita na ramin da ba a saba gani ba na 2.5 mm da 3.0 mm, sun dace da tsarin zomo na masu noma da masu kammalawa bi da bi. Tsarin rarraba ramin yana shafar daidaiton fitarwa da kuma daidaiton pellet - wani siga da galibi ake watsi da shi a cikin siyan ma'adinan bayan kasuwa.
3. Maganin kayan aiki da zafi. Ana yin mayukan zobe na Hongyang daga ƙarfe mai ƙarfe chromium (wanda ya yi daidai da na China 4Cr13), tare da maganin zafi mai tsabta wanda ke haifar da taurin saman HRC 52-56 da zurfin akwati na 0.8-1.2 mm. Haɗin kayan yana kama da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe na musamman na Turai, kuma duk kayan da aka yi amfani da su ana yin nazarin spectrographic kafin a sarrafa su.
4. Ingancin kammala rami. Hongyang yana amfani da injinan haƙa bindiga na CNC mai cikakken atomatik tare da guntun haƙa da aka shigo da su daga Jamus, wanda ke cimma ƙaiƙayin saman ramin na Ra ≤ 0.8 μm. Wannan ingancin gamawa yana rage lokacin karyewa (wanda aka ambata a kimanin awanni 2 zuwa cikakken samarwa), yana rage dumama da gogayya ke haifarwa yayin ƙirƙirar pellet, kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga tsawaita tsawon rai.
Bisa ga waɗannan sigogi, Hongyang ya samar da mayafin zobe na waje mai diamita 520 mm tare da diamita na ramin 3.0 mm, faɗin aiki mai inganci na 178 mm, da rabon matsi na 1:10, tare da haɗa harsashin nadawa mai dacewa.
Sakamakon Aiwatarwa da Samarwa
An sanya zoben da harsashin na'urar juyawa a lokacin da aka tsara gyaran a watan Satumba na 2024. Ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta ba da jagora ta hanyar bidiyo daga nesa don tsarin shigarwa, gami da tabbatar da daidaita gibin na'urar juyawa (an saita shi zuwa 0.10–0.15 mm ga shawarar Hongyang don ciyar da zomo) da kuma tsarin karya hanya.
Tsarin karyawa ya ƙayyade lokacin sanyaya jiki na minti 45 ta amfani da cakuda man fetur da garin alkama a kashi 60% na nauyin injin, sannan a fara amfani da tsarin samarwa a hankali a cikin mintuna 75 masu zuwa. Wannan hanyar ta tabbatar da daidaiton yanayin bangon rami kafin a yi cikakken aiki.
Bayan watanni shida na ci gaba da aiki (kimanin tan 4,200 na tarin kayan aiki), ƙungiyar samar da kayayyaki ta tattara sakamakon kamar haka:
Ma'aunin Aiki | Ma'aunin Aiki na Baya (OEM) | Ma'aunin Zoben Hongyang | Ingantawa
Ingantaccen aiki mai ƙarfi | 3.0–3.5 t/h (mai canzawa) | 3.5 t/h (mai daidaito) | Daidaita ƙarfin aiki
Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet (PDI) | matsakaicin kashi 91.4% | matsakaicin kashi 96.2% | maki +4.8 cikin ɗari
Tsarin taurin pellet | 4.2–7.8 kg/cm² | 5.4–6.3 kg/cm² | Canjin ya ragu da kashi 72%
Ƙarancin abun ciki (<1 mm) | 4.8% | 1.9% | An rage da 60%
Lalacewar mutu a tan 4,200 | Kimanin 0.28 mm (an yi hasashen) | 0.12 mm (an auna) | Rage yawan sawa ~57%
Amfani da makamashi | 14.2 kWh/t | 13.1 kWh/t | Rage kashi 7.7%
Lokacin hutu zuwa cikakken fitarwa | Awa 6–8 | Awa 2.5 | Rage kashi 65%
Babban ci gaban da aka samu a fannin kasuwanci shi ne daidaiton samar da kayayyaki. Na'urar da ta gabata ta nuna raguwar samar da kayayyaki na kimanin 0.12 t/h a kowace sa'o'i 500 na aiki; na'urar Hongyang ta ci gaba da samar da kayayyaki na t/h 3.5 ba tare da an auna raguwar da ta kai tan 4,200 ba. Wannan ya kawar da buƙatar diyya ga canje-canjen lokaci na ƙarin lokaci da kuma dawo da amincin jadawalin isar da kayayyaki.
Tasirin Inganci ga Abokan Ciniki na Ƙasa
Ingantaccen ingancin pellet ya fassara kai tsaye zuwa ma'aunin gamsuwar abokan ciniki. Babban abokin ciniki a masana'antar - wanda ke gudanar da kiwo 48,000 a wurare shida na samarwa - ya ba da rahoton raguwar asarar abinci mai kyau. Tare da raguwar abun ciki daga 4.8% zuwa 1.9%, ingantaccen amfani da abincin ya inganta da kusan maki 2.9%. A lokacin cin abinci na shekara-shekara na tan 4,200 ga wannan abokin ciniki kaɗai, raguwar tarar ta yi daidai da kimanin tan 122 na kayan abinci da aka yi asarar a baya, wanda darajarsa ta kai kusan dala 42,000 a farashin abincin Argentina da ya fi yawa.
Bugu da ƙari, taurin da aka samu ya kawar da ƙarancin abincin da ake ci akai-akai wanda aka lura lokacin da taurin pellet ya wuce 7.0 kg/cm². Binciken abinci mai gina jiki na zomo ya nuna cewa pellets masu tauri da yawa suna tsawaita lokacin taunawa kuma suna rage yawan abincin da ake ci kowace rana da kashi 3-5%, wanda hakan ke shafar ci gaban tsarin samar da kayayyaki na kasuwanci kai tsaye.
Girman Sabis na Hongyang
Bayan aikin fasaha na zoben da kanta, manajan ayyukan injin ya nuna fannoni biyu na hidimar Hongyang waɗanda suka bambanta hulɗar da ke tsakanin masu samar da kayayyaki a baya.
Da farko, tabbacin ingancin da Hongyang ta bayar kafin jigilar kaya ya haɗa da bidiyo na tsarin duba na'urar, wanda ya nuna sakamakon gwajin tauri a maki 12 a faɗin fuskar na'urar da kuma hoton ramukan da aka nuna. Wannan bayyanannen bayani - wanda ba a saba gani ba tsakanin masu samar da na'urar bayan kasuwa - ya bai wa ƙungiyar injiniyan injiniyoyi kwarin gwiwa game da samfurin kafin ya isa Argentina.
Na biyu, Hongyang ta ci gaba da sadarwa mai inganci a cikin watan farko na aiki, tana neman bayanai na mako-mako don tabbatar da cewa injin yana aiki kamar yadda aka tsara. Lokacin da injin ya ba da rahoton ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin awanni 36 na farko na aiki, injiniyoyin Hongyang sun gano dalilin nan take a matsayin gibin da ya wuce kima na na'urar juyawa da injin juyawa kuma suka jagoranci daidaitawa daga nesa, suna hana lalacewa ga injin juyawa da ba dole ba.
Kammalawa
Shari'ar masana'antar ciyar da zomo ta Córdoba ta nuna cewa zaɓin zoben zobe shawara ce mai mahimmanci ta injiniya wacce ke da tasiri kai tsaye ga tattalin arzikin samarwa, ingancin samfura, da alaƙar abokan ciniki. Ta hanyar canzawa daga na'urar OEM da aka samar zuwa na'urar zoben Hongyang mai harsashi mai kama da juna, injin ya sami daidaiton ƙarfin samarwa a 3.5 t/h, ya ɗaga ma'aunin juriyar pellet daga 91.4% zuwa 96.2%, kuma ya rage korafe-korafen abokan ciniki masu alaƙa da inganci zuwa sifili a cikin watanni shida.
Ga masana'antun abinci da ke aiki a sassa na musamman kamar abincin zomo - inda takamaiman yanayin pellet ke da alaƙa da aikin dabbobi da kuma bin ƙa'idodin fitarwa - zaɓin mai samar da kayan abinci mai ƙwarewa a fannin ƙarfe na chromium, haƙa bindiga daidai, da kuma inganta rabon matsi na musamman ga aikace-aikace ba shawara ce ta siyan kayayyaki ba amma jarin dabaru ne a cikin amincin samarwa.
Kamfanin Hongyang Feed Machinery, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2006 a Liyang, China, yana ci gaba da hidimar masana'antar abinci a ƙasashe sama da 30 tare da na'urorin sarrafa zobe, harsashin roller, da kuma kayayyakin gyaran injin pellet da aka ƙera bisa ga ƙa'idodin inganci na duniya.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-02-2026
