Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i
Brazil ta ƙare a shekarar 2025 da jimillar samar da abinci tan miliyan 89.9, wanda hakan ya ƙarfafa matsayinta a matsayin ƙasa ta uku mafi yawan samar da abinci a duniya bayan China da Amurka kawai. A cikin wannan yanayin, ɓangaren shanu ya yi fice da ƙaruwar yawan abinci da kashi 7% a kowace shekara, wanda ya kai tan miliyan 7.73 - mafi ƙarfin ci gaba a tsakanin dukkan nau'ikan dabbobi. Wannan faɗaɗawa wani sauyi ne na tsarin kammalawa mai zurfi: Yawan shanun da ke kiwon dabbobi a Brazil ya zarce mutum miliyan 9.25 a shekarar 2025, ƙaruwar kashi 16% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata.
A Mato Grosso do Sul — ɗaya daga cikin manyan jihohin kiwon dabbobi guda biyar na Brazil, tare da shanu 900,000 da aka killace da kuma kashi 17.8% na ci gaban kowace shekara — wani aikin samar da naman shanu mai matsakaicin girma ya fuskanci matsala ta samar da shi. Wannan nazarin ya nuna yadda gonar ta yi hadin gwiwa da Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. (Hongyang) don tura injin niƙa pellet na SZLH508 da kayan aiki na layin tallafi, wanda hakan ya sauya ƙarfin samar da abinci da ingancin pellet.
Bayanin Abokin Ciniki
Agropecuária Campo Verde, wacce ke kusa da Dourados a kudancin Mato Grosso do Sul, tana gudanar da tsarin samar da naman shanu mai hade-hade wanda ya kai hekta 3,200 na amfanin gona da kuma karfin karewa na shekara-shekara na hekta 17,000. Gonar tana samar da masarar ta kuma tana samo DDGS (hatsin masu tacewa busasshe tare da mai narkewa) daga wata shukar ethanol da ke kusa - wani samfurin haɗa amfanin gona da dabbobi wanda ya karu daga kashi 40% zuwa 71.8% a tsakanin masu kiwon dabbobi na Brazil tun daga shekarar 2020.
Zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 2024, yawan abincin da gonar ke ci a kullum ya kai kimanin tan 7, amma masana'antar pellet da ke tsufa - wani kamfanin da aka ƙera a cikin gida wanda ke aiki sama da shekaru shida - yana fama da rashin daidaito. Ana tilasta maye gurbin zoben da aka saka a cikin injin bayan an yi amfani da shi a kowane wata 8-9, matsakaicin lokacin hutun da ba a tsara ba ya wuce awanni 14 a wata, kuma ma'aunin juriyar pellet (PDI) ya bambanta tsakanin kashi 86% zuwa 89%, ƙasa da kashi 93% na matakin da masana abinci mai gina jiki suka ɗauka mafi kyau don rage ɓarnar abinci da haɓaka matsakaicin riba ta yau da kullun.
Kalubalen Samarwa
Matsaloli uku sun bayyana matsalar aikin:
1. Ingancin pellet mara daidaituwa. Madaurin zoben da aka dasa na tsohon injin niƙa yana samar da pellets masu tauri da tsayi daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin samar da 8-11%. A cikin abincin da ake ci a Brazil - yawanci kashi 70-80% na mai da hankali tare da masara silage a matsayin roughage - ƙarin tarar yana rage daidaiton abincin da ake ci kuma yana lalata daidaiton jimlar abincin da aka gauraya.
2. Sauya zoben da aka yi akai-akai. Tare da tazara tsakanin watanni 8-9 na hidimar zoben da aka yi, gonar ta rasa kwanaki 3-4 na samarwa a kowace canji, tare da farashin na'urar da kanta. A kan R$12.70 ga kowane mutum a kowace rana wajen kammala abincin da kuma kai 17,000 da ke zagayawa a cikin wurin ciyarwa kowace shekara, kowace rana ta lokacin hutu ta wakilci kimanin R$13,500 a cikin abincin da aka samo daga waje.
3. Rufin ƙarfin aiki. Ingancin injin niƙa mai ƙarfi na 5.5 t/h bai iya ɗaukar shirin faɗaɗa gonar zuwa 20,000 a shekarar 2026 ba - hanyar da ta yi daidai da kasuwar ciyar da abinci ta Mato Grosso do Sul, inda kashi 78.8% na masu aiki suka yi niyyar ƙara yawan kammalawa sosai.
Zaɓin Kayan Aiki da Magani
Bayan tantance masu samar da kayayyaki guda uku — ɗaya daga cikin masana'antun Brazil na cikin gida da kuma biyu daga cikin masu fitar da kayayyaki daga China — shugabannin Campo Verde sun zaɓi injin niƙa na SZLH508 na Hongyang a matsayin tushen sabon layin ciyarwa. An yanke shawarar ne bisa dalilai uku:
Injiniyan zobe. SZLH508 yana amfani da zobe mai diamita na ciki na 508mm wanda aka ƙera daga bakin ƙarfe 4Cr13 tare da ramukan da aka haƙa da bindiga, wani tsari wanda ke tabbatar da diamita ɗaya na rami da kuma kammala bangon ciki mai santsi. Wannan kai tsaye yana shafar daidaiton matse pellet da ƙimar lalacewa. Hongyang ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da ƙarfe da rahotannin gwajin tauri na ɓangare na uku (HRC 52-55 akan saman aikin na'urar) kafin a sanya odar - matakin takaddun da gonar ba ta karɓa daga wasu masu samar da kayayyaki ba.
An tabbatar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. An ƙididdige ƙarfin tan 5-20 a kowace awa dangane da tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi da kuma yadda aka tsara shi. Ga ƙwayoyin gama gari na Campo Verde na 6mm, ƙungiyar injiniya ta Hongyang ta ƙididdige ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake tsammanin zai kai t/h 8-10 a cikin awa ɗaya a matsewar 1:8.5, wanda hakan ya bar damar da za a iya cimma burin faɗaɗa kai 20,000.
Cikakken jituwa da layi. Bayan injin niƙa pellet, Hongyang ya samar da na'urar sanyaya iska mai dacewa (SKLN-4), na'urar tantancewa ta juyawa (SFJH-120), da kuma saitin mayukan zobe guda biyu da harsashin na'urar birgima - wanda ke bawa gonar damar daidaita kanta akan mai samar da kaya ɗaya don sashin pelleting da kuma guje wa matsalolin daidaito tsakanin samfuran.
Cikakken tsarin layin ya haɗa da:
| Kayan aiki | Samfura | Aiki |
|———–|———-|————-|
| Injin niƙa pellet na Zobe | SZLH-508 (132 kW) | Babban aikin pellet |
| Mai sanyaya Counterflow | SKLN-4 | Bayan-pellet sanyaya |
| Na'urar tantancewa ta juyawa | SFJH-120 | Cire tarar |
| Ma'aunin zobe (kayan gyara) | 508mm, ramuka 6mm, CR 1:8.5 | Samar da madadin |
| Bakin ƙarfe (kayan gyara) | 216mm dia., 40CrMnTi | Sassan da aka sa a madadin |
Shigarwa da Kwamiti
Hongyang ta tura tawagar injiniya ta mutum biyu zuwa Dourados don kula da shigarwa da kuma aiwatar da aikin. Tsarin ya ɗauki kwanaki 11 daga lokacin da aka fara aikin zuwa farkon aikin samarwa - kwana uku da sauri fiye da kiyasin farko na kwanaki 14 na gonar. Manyan abubuwan lura daga rahoton aikin:
- Babban injin (132 kW, alamar WEG bisa ga fifikon gonar ga iya aiki na gida) an daidaita shi zuwa cikin 0.05mm akan haɗin, wanda ya wuce juriyar masana'anta na 0.08mm.
- An daidaita sigogin gyaran tururi a zafin aiki na digiri 0.3-0.4 da digiri 80-85 na Celsius — wurin da za a iya amfani da shi wajen haɗa gaurayawan masara da aka yi da gelatin ba tare da lalata furotin na bypass a cikin ɓangaren DDGS ba.
- An gwada PDI na farko da kashi 94.2% ta amfani da hanyar ASAE S269.4, inda nan take ya zarce burin kashi 93%.
A duk lokacin da aka fara aikin, injiniyoyin Hongyang sun gudanar da zaman horo na yau da kullun tare da masu sarrafa injinan niƙa guda uku na gonar, waɗanda suka haɗa da hanyoyin karya injinan injin, daidaita gibin na'urar (juriyar 0.1-0.3mm), sa ido kan ingancin tururi, da kuma duba lalacewa ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunin rami.
Sakamakon Aiki (Agusta 2024 - Yanzu)
Bayan watanni 18 na ci gaba da aiki — kimanin sa'o'i 4,800 na aiki da ake sarrafawa kimanin tan 38,000 na abincin shanu — SZLH-508 ya samar da sakamako da ya ƙarfafa tattalin arzikin samar da shanu na Campo Verde sosai:
| Ma'auni | Haɓakawa Kafin Haɓakawa | Bayan Haɓakawa | Haɓakawa |
|——–|—————-|—————–|—————-|
| Ingancin fitarwa | 5.5 t/h | 8.5 t/h | +54.5% |
| Fihirisar Dorewa ta Pellet (PDI) | 86-89% | 94-95% | + maki 6-8 |
| Yawan samar da tarar kuɗi | 8-11% | 3-4% | -60% |
| Tsawon lokacin aikin Ringmoot | Watanni 8-9 | Watanni 18+ (na ci gaba) | +100% |
| Lokacin hutu ba tare da wani tsari ba na wata-wata | Awa 14 | Awa 2.5 | -82% |
| Yawan amfani da makamashi a kowace tan | 22.4 kWh/t | 18.1 kWh/t | -19.2% |
Na'urar zobe ta farko ta ci gaba da aiki a lokacin watanni 18, wani wasan kwaikwayo da manajan samar da kayan gona ya danganta da daidaiton haƙa bindiga na Hongyang da kuma tsarin karya bindiga da aka koyar a lokacin aikin. "Mun bi tsarin karya bindiga daidai - muna gudanar da abinci mai mai a cikin ƙarancin kaya na awanni 8 na farko - kuma saman na'urar ya nuna ƙarancin lalacewa. Muna tsammanin aƙalla wasu watanni 6 kafin a maye gurbinsu," in ji shi a cikin wani bita na gaba.
Rage amfani da makamashi da kashi 19.2% a kowace tan - daga 22.4 zuwa 18.1 kWh - ya kai kimanin R$38,000 a cikin tanadin wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara a farashin masana'antu na gida, adadi wanda shi kaɗai ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na jimlar kuɗin mallakar kayan aikin a tsawon lokacin da ake tsammanin zai yi aiki.
Ra'ayin Abokin Ciniki
Lucas Marques, darektan ayyuka a Campo Verde, ya taƙaita wannan gogewa:
"Da farko mun yi taka tsantsan game da neman kayan aiki daga wani masana'anta na kasar Sin da ba mu yi aiki da shi ba a da. Abin da ya gamsar da mu shi ne gaskiya - Hongyang ta raba cikakkun takaddun shaida na kayan aiki, ta bayar da shawarwari daga abokan cinikin Latin Amurka na yanzu, kuma injiniyoyinsu sun shafe kwana uku suna kiran bidiyo kafin a yi odar, suna bin diddigin kowane bayani daga buƙatun tushe zuwa girman bututun tururi. Lokacin da kayan aikin suka iso, sun yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. A cikin watanni 18, mun sami kiran sabis guda biyu - duka an warware su cikin awanni 48 ta hanyar jagorar nesa. Ga mai aiki da wurin ciyar da abinci inda riba ta dogara da ingancin ciyarwa, daidaiton PDI na 94% shine ma'aunin da ya fi muhimmanci."
Kammalawa
Kwarewar Campo Verde ta nuna wani babban sauyi a fannin kiwon shanu na Brazil. Yayin da adadin shanu da aka killace ke ƙaruwa - daga miliyan 8 a shekarar 2024 zuwa miliyan 9.25 a shekarar 2025 - kuma ribar ta ƙaru tare da canjin farashin shigarwa, masu kula da kiwon dabbobi suna ƙara bincika kowace hanyar haɗi a cikin sarkar samar da su. Ingancin pellet ba ma'auni bane mai sauƙi; yana jagorantar daidaiton abincin da ake ci, daidaiton ƙaruwar nauyi, da kuma ingancin tattalin arziki na zagayen ƙarshe.
Tsarin Hongyang - wanda ya haɗa da takaddun bayanai na injiniya, aikin da aka yi a wurin tare da horar da masu aiki, da kuma tallafin bayan siyarwa - ya magance damuwar masu aikin ciyar da abinci waɗanda ba za su iya ɗaukar kayan aiki masu mahimmanci a matsayin siyan kayayyaki ba. Ga Campo Verde, SZLH508 ya tabbatar da cewa ya zama tushe mai aminci don faɗaɗa shi daga 17,000 zuwa 20,000, tare da babban ɗakin don tallafawa ci gaba yayin da ɓangaren naman sa na Brazil ke ci gaba da canzawa zuwa ga tsarin kammalawa mai zurfi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-28-2026
