Kamfanin samar da abinci na Afirka ta Kudu ya inganta tsarin sanyaya abinci tare da Hongyang Counterflow Cooler – Ma'aunin dorewar pellet ya kai kashi 97%

Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i

Masana'antar kiwon dabbobi ta Afirka ta Kudu ta samar da kimanin tan miliyan 5.95 na abincin da aka haɗa a cikin watanni goma na farko na 2025, wanda ya karu da kashi 4.1% daga raguwar shekarar 2024, a cewar bayanan AFMA (Ƙungiyar Masu Samar da Abinci na Dabbobi). A cikin wannan kasuwa, abincin shanu yana wakiltar wani yanki mai daraja inda ingancin pellet ke shafar yawan madara da ribar gona kai tsaye. Wannan binciken ya binciki yadda wani kamfanin samar da abinci na madara mai matsakaicin girma a KwaZulu-Natal, Afirka ta Kudu, ya magance matsalolin dorewar pellet ta hanyar maye gurbin mai sanyaya ta kwance da injin sanyaya ta Hongyang SKLN, wanda aka haɗa shi da injin niƙa na pellet na SZLH (HYPM). Sakamakon ya kasance ci gaban Pellet Durability Index daga kashi 89% zuwa 97% da kuma rage tarar sama da kashi 60%.

1. Yanayin Masana'antu: Kasuwar Abinci ta Afirka ta Kudu na farfadowa

An kiyasta darajar kasuwar abincin dabbobi ta Afirka ta Kudu a dala biliyan 2.46 a shekarar 2024 kuma ana hasashen zai kai dala biliyan 3.14 nan da shekarar 2033, wanda zai karu da CAGR na kashi 2.74% a cewar IMARC Group. Samar da madara muhimmin dalili ne: yawan samar da madarar da ba a sarrafa ba a Afirka ta Kudu ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 3.73 a shekarar 2024, tare da hasashen karuwar shekara-shekara ta kusan kashi 2.0% zuwa 2028 (USDA Foreign Agricultural Service).

Rahoton Ciyar Dabbobi na AFMA na watan Oktoban 2025 ya nuna jimillar samar da abinci a kowane wata na tan 632,068, wanda ya nuna karuwar kashi 2.7% a shekara idan aka kwatanta da Oktoban 2024. Dr. Lucius Phaleng, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci a AFMA, ya lura cewa "ci gaban m/m da y/y a samar da abinci yana nuna murmurewa daga masana'antar" bayan koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2024. Musamman abincin kiwo, ya ga ci gaban buƙatu a hankali yayin da gonakin kiwo na kasuwanci ke faɗaɗa girman garken da kuma neman daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki.

Ga masana'antun abinci da ke hidimar fannin kiwo, ingancin pellet ba shine abin da ake tallatawa ba - abu ne da ake buƙata a yi aiki da shi. Shanu masu kiwo suna da saurin kamuwa da yanayin ciyarwa; nazarin da aka buga a cikin Mujallar Kimiyyar Dairy ya nuna cewa pellet mai yawa yana inganta daidaiton abincin da ake ci da kuma rage halayyar rarrabawa idan aka kwatanta da abincin da aka dafa. Rashin dawwama na pellet yana haifar da tarar kuɗi, wanda shanu galibi ke ƙin yin hakan, wanda ke haifar da ɓatar da abinci da rashin daidaiton yawan abinci.

2. Kalubalen Abokin Ciniki

Kamfanin samar da abinci, wanda ke cikin yankin KwaZulu-Natal Midlands - ɗaya daga cikin manyan yankunan kiwo na Afirka ta Kudu - yana samar da kimanin tan 8,000 na abincin kiwo a kowace shekara. Cibiyar tana hidimar gonakin kiwo na kasuwanci sama da 40 a cikin fadin kilomita 150. A da, layin samar da abincin ya dogara ne da na'urar sanyaya bel mai kwance da aka sanya a shekarar 2014.

A farkon shekarar 2025, manajan kamfanin ya gano matsaloli guda uku da suka ci gaba:

Ma'aunin Ƙarfin ...

Tarar da ta wuce gona da iri.** Samar da tara a wurin ajiyar jakunkuna ya wuce kashi 4% na nauyi, wanda hakan ya buƙaci ƙarin tantancewa da sake sarrafawa. Wannan ya ƙara kimanin sa'o'i 2.3 na aiki a kowane aiki da kuma ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi daga sake zagayawa kayan da aka sake sarrafa su ta hanyar injin niƙa pellet.

Rashin daidaiton danshi.** Yawan danshi na ƙarshe ya bambanta tsakanin 10.5% da 14.2%, wanda ya zarce ƙa'idar da aka yi niyya ta 12.0% ± 0.5%. A cikin yanayin zafi na KwaZulu-Natal, rashin daidaiton danshi shi ma ya haifar da haɗarin mold yayin ajiya da jigilar kaya.

Manajan ayyukan masana'antar ya taƙaita yanayin: "Muna samar da kyawawan ƙwayoyin cuta a wurin da ake yin amfani da su - amma muna rasa inganci bayan sanyaya. Lambobin sun nuna mana cewa mai sanyaya shine babban matsala."

3. Kimanta Fasaha da Zaɓin Kayan Aiki

Kamfanin injin ya tantance zaɓuɓɓuka uku: gyara na'urar sanyaya iska ta kwance da ake da ita, siyan na'urar sanyaya iska ta tsaye da aka yi amfani da ita daga wani kamfanin samar da kayayyaki na Turai, ko kuma saka hannun jari a sabbin kayan aiki. Bayan tsawon makonni shida na tantancewa, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sabuwar fasahar sanyaya iska ta counterflow saboda waɗannan dalilai:

Ingancin zafi.** Masu sanyaya iskar gas suna aiki ne bisa ƙa'idar cewa iska mai sanyi ta shiga ƙasan ginshiƙin pellet kuma tana motsawa sama akan kwararar zafi. Wannan yana haifar da yanayin zafi a hankali, iri ɗaya. Binciken da Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi da Noma ta Amurka (ASABE) ta buga ya tabbatar da cewa sanyaya iskar gas tana rage fashewar girgizar zafi ta hanyar kiyaye bambancin zafin jiki na bai wuce digiri 5 na Celsius ba a fadin nauyin pellet - idan aka kwatanta da digiri 15 zuwa 20 na Celsius a cikin tsarin kwance.

Kula da lokacin zama.** Tsarin sake kwararar ruwa yana ba da damar daidaita daidai lokacin zama na pellet ta hanyar tsarin fitarwa mai saurin canzawa. Pellets na abincin kiwo, yawanci diamita ne daga milimita 4 zuwa 6 tare da yawan kitse daga sinadaran furotin, suna buƙatar tsawon lokacin sanyaya fiye da abincin kaji na yau da kullun. Matsakaicin fitarwa yana ba wa masu aiki damar daidaita tsawon lokacin sanyaya da halayen pellet maimakon karɓar madaidaicin saurin jigilar kaya.

Amfani da makamashi.** Saboda masu sanyaya iska suna amfani da iskar ɗumi ta halitta, suna buƙatar ƙarancin ƙarfin fanka fiye da masu sanyaya iska ta kwance don samun irin wannan ƙarfin. Binciken makamashin da masana'antar ta yi hasashen raguwar amfani da wutar lantarki da ke da alaƙa da sanyaya iska da kusan kashi 18%.

Kayan aikin da aka zaɓa sun haɗa da injin sanyaya iska na Hongyang SKLN, wanda aka haɗa shi da injin niƙa mai siffar zobe da ke aiki a layin samarwa. An tsara jerin SKLN don ci gaba da aiki a cikin injinan niƙa mai matsakaici zuwa manyan, tare da fasaloli waɗanda suka haɗa da tsarin fitar da iska ta iska, guguwa mai haɗaka don dawo da tabo, da kuma gadon raga na bakin ƙarfe don hana lalacewar pellet.

4. Aiwatarwa da Sakamako

An kammala shigarwa a watan Yulin 2025 a cikin lokacin gyara na awanni 72 da aka tsara. Ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta ba da tallafin aiki daga nesa, gami da daidaita iskar iska, shirye-shiryen saurin fitarwa, da kuma horar da masu aiki kan ka'idojin sa ido kan danshi.

Kamfanin ya gudanar da gwajin aiki na tsawon kwanaki 30 tare da sakamakon da aka ƙididdige kamar haka:

Ci gaban PDI daga kashi 89.2% zuwa kashi 97.1% ya sanya yawan amfanin masana'antar ya fi na 95% na masana'antar. Mafi mahimmanci, daidaiton sakamakon da aka samu a tsawon lokacin gwaji na kwanaki 30, gami da lokacin yanayin zafi na bazara na KwaZulu-Natal lokacin da yanayin zafi na yanayi ya wuce digiri 30 na Celsius akai-akai.

5. Ra'ayoyin Abokan Ciniki da Ƙwarewar Sabis

Manajan ayyukan kamfanin ya ba da rahoton abubuwan da aka lura da su guda uku a lokacin bitar bayan shigarwa:

Da farko, rage tarar ya inganta dangantakar abokan ciniki kai tsaye. "Manoman kiwo sun lura nan take. Ƙarancin ƙura a cikin magudanar abinci yana nufin ƙarancin ƙin yarda, kuma sun daina kira game da lodi marasa daidaito."

Na biyu, sauƙin kula da mai sanyaya SKLN ya rage lokacin aiki. Tsarin fitar da iska yana da ƙarancin abubuwan motsi fiye da tsarin rack-and-pinion na injina na baya na mai sanyaya kwance, kuma saman gadon bakin ƙarfe ya fi sauƙin tsaftacewa tsakanin rukunin samarwa.

Na uku, martanin da ƙungiyar Hongyang ta bayar yayin aikin an lura da shi a matsayin wani abu da ke bambanta su. Lokacin da wata ƙaramar matsala ta daidaita yanayin aiki ta taso da na'urar firikwensin iska a rana ta biyu ta aiki, ƙungiyar fasaha ta samar da wani sabon tsari da aka saita cikin awanni huɗu ta hanyar shiga daga nesa, wanda ya warware matsalar ba tare da buƙatar ziyarar wurin ba.

6. Kammalawa

Wannan lamari ya nuna cewa fasahar sanyaya - wanda galibi ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani abu na biyu a cikin ƙirar masana'antar ciyar da abinci - na iya zama babban abin da ke haifar da ingancin pellet don ciyar da shanu. Haɗin injin niƙa na Hongyang da injin niƙa na SKLN da mai sanyaya na SKLN ya ba wa masana'antar KwaZulu-Natal damar haɓaka PDI ɗinsa da kusan kashi 8 cikin ɗari, rage tarar da sama da kashi 60%, da kuma cimma daidaiton danshi a cikin takamaiman tsari. A cikin kasuwa inda ɓangaren kiwo na Afirka ta Kudu ke faɗaɗa da kusan kashi 2% a kowace shekara kuma masu samar da abinci suna fafatawa kan inganci maimakon farashi kawai, saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aikin bayan pellet yana samar da riba mai ma'ana a cikin ingancin aiki da kuma riƙe abokan ciniki.

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Tushen Bayanai: Rahoton Ciyar Dabbobi na AFMA (Oktoba 2025); Ƙungiyar IMARC, "Girman Kasuwar Ciyar Dabbobi da Buƙata ta Afirka ta Kudu 2033"; Sabis na Noma na Ƙasashen Waje na USDA, "Shekarar Shekara-shekara na Kiwo da Kayayyakin Afirka ta Kudu"; ASABE Standard S319.4, "Hanyar Tabbatarwa da Bayyana Ingancin Kayan Ciyarwa ta Hanyar Sieve."*