Cikakkun bayanai game da siga
Ƙasar Kenya
Yankin Gundumar Nakuru, Rift Valley
Nau'in Abokin Ciniki Matsakaici mai samar da abincin kiwo na kasuwanci
Nau'in Abinci Kwalayen madara masu ɗauke da kitse (14–18% furotin mai ɗanɗano, diamita 6 mm)
Kayan Aikin Hongyang HYPM508 Zoben Die Pellet Niƙa × 1; Mai Sanyaya HYSK160 Counterflow × 1
Ƙarfin Injin Pellet da aka ƙima 8 t/h
Ainihin Fitowar da Aka Ci Gaba da Ita 7.8–8.2 t/h
Fihirisar Dorewa ta Pellet (PDI) 96.8% (Mai gwajin Holmen, daƙiƙa 30)
Tarar Pellet ƙasa da kashi 2.0% bayan sanyaya
Zafin Fitar da Mai Sanyaya 3–5°C sama da yanayi
Ranar Shigarwa Janairu 2025
1. Bayani
Kenya ita ce babbar ƙasar da ke samar da madara a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara a wajen Afirka ta Kudu. A cewar bayanai da Hukumar Kula da Dairy ta Kenya ta fitar kuma aka tattara ta hanyar governance.co.ke, ƙasar ta samar da kimanin lita biliyan 5.76 na madara a shekarar 2024, wanda ya karu daga lita biliyan 5.2 a shekarar 2022. Bangaren kiwo yana ba da gudummawa ga kashi 3-4% na GDP na ƙasa da kuma kusan kashi 12% na GDP na noma, yana tallafawa gidaje sama da miliyan 1.8 na karkara da kuma samar da ayyukan yi sama da 700,000 kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye. A ƙarƙashin Ajandar Canjin Tattalin Arziki ta Ƙasa (BETA), gwamnati ta kafa wani babban buri na ninka yawan samar da madara zuwa lita biliyan 10 a kowace shekara, tare da an gano ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi a matsayin babban abin da zai taimaka wajen samar da madara.
Gundumar Nakuru tana cikin Rift Valley na Kenya - ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da aka fi samar da madara a ƙasar. A shekarar 2024 kaɗai, Nakuru ta samar da lita miliyan 318 na madara mai darajar KSh biliyan 13.9, wanda ya ci gaba da samar da rayuwa sama da 500,000 a kan sarkar darajar madara, kamar yadda Organic Farm Kenya ta ruwaito kafin taron farko na gundumar na Darajar Madara da aka gudanar a watan Satumba na 2025. Yankin yana ɗauke da tarin manoman madara masu ƙananan gonaki da matsakaitan masana'antu waɗanda suka dogara da abincin da aka ƙera a gida don ci gaba da samar da nono.
Sashen samar da abinci na kasuwanci a Kenya ya faɗaɗa cikin sauri saboda ƙaruwar buƙata. A watan Fabrairun 2025, kamfanin De Heus Animal Nutrition na ƙasar Holland ya ƙaddamar da kamfanin samar da abinci na KSh biliyan 3 (kimanin dala miliyan 23) a Kogin Athi tare da ƙarfin tan 240,000 na shekara-shekara, wanda ke ɗauke da layukan pellet guda biyu kowannensu wanda aka ƙiyasta a 20 t/h - wata alama bayyananniyar hanyar da ɓangaren ke bi. Duk da haka, ga masana'antun abinci masu zaman kansu na matsakaici waɗanda ke aiki a wajen hanyar Kogin Nairobi-Athi, ƙalubalen ba faɗaɗa ƙarfin aiki kaɗai ba ne; yana cimma ingancin pellet, daidaiton yawan aiki, da kuma amincin aiki da manoman kiwo na kasuwanci ke buƙata.
A wannan binciken, abokin ciniki kamfani ne na niƙa abinci mallakar iyali wanda ke da nisan kimanin kilomita 15 daga tsakiyar birnin Nakuru. An kafa kamfanin a shekarar 2012, yana samar da kimanin tan 2,500 na abincin da aka haɗa a kowane wata, wanda kusan kashi 60% nasa shine abincin da aka haɗa a cikin nau'in pellet. Sauran kayan da aka samar sun haɗa da naman kaji da abincin da aka noma a cikin naman alade, waɗanda duka ake sayarwa a cikin nau'in abinci. Layin pellet na madara shine mafi girman samfurin kamfanin kuma shine babban abin da ke haifar da haɓaka.
Ana samun kayan da aka samar don samar da madarar madara a cikin nisan kilomita 120: masara da ƙwayar masara daga Kitale da Eldoret, abincin waken soya daga masana'antun sarrafa abinci a Yankin Masana'antu na Nakuru, kek ɗin auduga daga masana'antun sarrafa abinci a yankin Tafkin Victoria, da kuma haɗin ma'adinai daga masu samar da kayayyaki da ke Nairobi. Wannan tsarin samar da kayayyaki na ɗan gajeren lokaci yana ba wa masana'antar abinci mai inganci a farashi mai rahusa fiye da masu fafatawa da ke dogara da sinadaran abinci da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje, amma kuma yana nufin cewa yawan danshi da girman ƙwayoyin halitta sun bambanta sosai tsakanin rukuni - gaskiyar da ke sanya buƙatu masu yawa ga ƙarfin injin pellet da matsewa.
2. Kalubalen
Kafin shekarar 2025, an gina layin pellet na abokin ciniki a kusa da masana'antun pellet guda biyu da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke kera bel, kowannensu yana aiki a kan t6 a kowace awa. A cikin shekaru huɗu na aiki - a lokacin da masana'antun suka haɗa kai wajen sarrafa kimanin tan 75,000 na kiwo - matsaloli uku da suka ci gaba sun taso, kowannensu yana lalata riba da kwarin gwiwar abokan ciniki.
Na farko: rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin wutar lantarki da kuma ci gaba da rage wutar lantarki. Tsarin watsawa da ke amfani da bel ya sha wahala sakamakon raguwar ingancin wutar lantarki yayin da matsin lamba na bel ya ragu a ƙarƙashin nauyin da ya daɗe da kuma yanayin zafi mai yawa. Nakuru yana da nisan mita 1,850 sama da matakin teku, inda yanayin zafin rana ke kaiwa 28-32 °C akai-akai. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, masu aiki sun ba da rahoton cewa ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana raguwa daga matsakaicin 5.5 t/h zuwa ƙasa da 3.8 t/h cikin watanni uku na kowane zagayen maye gurbin bel. An buƙaci maye gurbin bel a kowane watanni huɗu zuwa biyar, kowannensu yana cin awanni takwas zuwa goma na lokacin aiki.
Na biyu: samar da tarar da ta wuce kima. Masana'antar da ta daɗe tana amfani da injin sanyaya bel na zamani wanda ke fama da rage zafin pellet ƙasa da 20 °C sama da yanayi a lokacin da ake samar da shi. Tabarmar da ke fitowa daga injin sanyaya a 50-55 °C ta nuna fashewar saman yayin da suke yin sanyi a lokacin ajiya, wanda hakan ya haifar da tarar da ta taru a cikin manyan jakunkuna da motocin jigilar kaya. Binciken wuraren gwaji da ƙungiyar kula da inganci ta abokin ciniki ta gudanar ya nuna tarar da ta kama daga 6.5% zuwa 11.2% ta nauyi - sama da matsakaicin 3% da manoman kiwo na kasuwanci a yankin Rift Valley suka yi tsammani. Manoma sun koka da ƙura da ake gani a cikin abincin da aka kawo kuma sun ba da rahoton cewa shanunsu sun ƙi tarar da ta fi ƙanƙanta, suna barin ragowar da ba a ci ba a cikin kwano na abinci.
Na uku: ƙaruwar lokacin hutun da ba a shirya ba. Matsalar ɗaukar kaya a cikin akwatin gearbox, gajiyar maƙallin ring die, da kuma yawan zafi a cikin injin mai sanyaya ya haɗu don samar da matsakaicin tsayawa 11 ba tare da shiri ba a kowane wata, kowannensu yana ɗaukar mintuna 45 zuwa cikakken aiki. A lokacin shayarwa mafi girma (Maris-Yuni, lokacin da wadatar wurin kiwo ke raguwa kuma buƙatar ta ta'azzara), ƙarfin samar da injin ya faɗi da kusan kashi 28% ƙasa da alƙawarin kwangila, wanda ya tilasta wa abokin ciniki ya yi kwangilar samar da pellet zuwa injin gasa mai nisan kilomita 80 - a farashin KSh 3.50 a kowace kilogiram wanda ya cinye duk ribar layin pellet na kiwo.
Rajistar kula da abokin ciniki na tsawon watanni 12 kafin canjin kayan aiki ta yi rikodin ayyukan da ba a tsara su ba guda 127, matsakaicin lokaci tsakanin gazawa (MTBF) na awanni 65 na aiki, da kuma kuɗin kulawa na shekara-shekara wanda ya yi daidai da kashi 18% na darajar littafin injinan pellet.
3. Maganin Hongyang
A watan Satumba na 2024, bayan tantance shawarwari daga masu samar da kayan aiki guda uku - ɗaya daga cikin Turawa, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ƙasar Indiya (samfurin magajin mai ci), da kuma ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ƙasar Hongyang Feed Machinery (Liyang, China) - abokin ciniki ya zaɓi shawarar Hongyang. Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci, kamar yadda daraktan kamfanin injin ya ba da labarinsu, su ne: (a) watsa HYPM508 kai tsaye ta hanyar gear, wanda ke kawar da zamewar bel a matsayin yanayin gazawa; (b) tsarin sanyaya iska mai hadewa, wanda shawarar Turai ta fi tsada da kashi 40% a matsayin ƙarin abu ɗaya; da kuma (c) Sha'awar Hongyang na samar da tallafin aiki a wurin tare da ƙungiyar injiniyoyi biyu na tsawon kwanaki 14.
Tsarin da aka shigar kamar haka:
Bayanin Kayan Aiki
Injin Pellet na Hongyang HYPM508 Zoben Die Pellet Niƙa
Babban Mota 160 kW, sanda 4, IP55, rufin aji F
Man shafawa mai amfani da man fetur, ...
Ma'aunin Zobe 508 mm diamita na ciki, rami mai tasiri 6.0 mm × 65 mm, bakin karfe (X46Cr13), an yi masa tauri zuwa 58–60 HRC
Na'urar sanyaya kwandishana mai shaft biyu, tsawon riƙewa na mita 3.0, bakin karfe
Tsarin Tururi tukunyar jirgi mai injin t/h 1.0 (wanda ke akwai), ingantaccen tashar rage matsin lamba da kuma bawul mai daidaitawa
Mai sanyaya Hongyang HYSK160 Mai sanyaya Counterflow
Ƙarfin Sanyaya 8–10 t/h (wanda ya dace da fitowar injin niƙa pellet)
Fanka mai amfani da iska mai ƙarfin 15 kW tare da mai raba guguwa
Fitar da iska mai juyawa, mai canza mitar-mita, mai canza gudu
Injiniyan watsawa: injin gear yana kawar da lalacewar bel. HYPM508 yana amfani da injin gear helical wanda aka haɗa kai tsaye zuwa babban injin ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa mai sassauƙa, tare da madaurin zobe da aka ɗora akan shaft ɗin quill. Wannan tsari yana watsa wutar lantarki a cikin rabon raguwa akai-akai na kimanin 6.3:1, yana isar da saurin kewaye na 6.5-7.0 m/s - a cikin taga mafi kyau don samfuran tattara kiwo waɗanda ke ɗauke da furotin 14-18% na ɗanyen da kuma zare 10-12% na ɗanyen. Ba kamar waɗanda suka gabace shi da bel ɗin ba, babu wani abu da ke watsawa wanda ke ƙarƙashin sassauta tashin hankali, bambancin ma'aunin gogayya mai dogaro da yanayin zafi, ko shigar ƙurar abrasive. An rufe akwatin gear kuma an shafa mai a cikin mai, tare da gilashin gani da magudanar ruwa don dubawa na yau da kullun.
Tsarin sanyaya jiki: aikin bambancin shaft mai shaft mai yawa don haɗakar fiber mai yawa. Tsarin samar da madara mai yawa a Kenya yawanci ya haɗa da kek ɗin auduga ko kek ɗin sunflower mai kashi 15-25%, waɗanda duka suna ba da gudummawa ga zaren tsari wanda ke tsayayya da gelatinization. Tsarin sanyaya jiki mai shaft ...
Sanyayawar kwararar iska: hulɗar iska mai tsari yana hana girgizar zafi. Mai sanyayawar kwararar HYSK160 yana wuce iskar yanayi sama ta cikin ginshiƙin samfurin da ke saukowa, yana ƙirƙirar yanayin zafi inda ƙananan ƙwayoyin da suka fi zafi (fita daga injin niƙa a 75–85 °C) suka haɗu da iska mafi ɗumi, yayin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin da suka fi sanyi kusa da ƙofar fitarwa suka haɗu da iska mai kyau. Wannan canjin zafin jiki mai tsari yana hana fashewar saman da ke faruwa lokacin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin zafi suka fallasa ga iska mai sanyi a cikin masu sanyaya iska a kwance ko a tsaye. Tuki mai canzawa-mita akan airlock mai juyawa yana daidaita lokacin zama na samfurin don daidaita yawan fitowar injin niƙa, yana tabbatar da cewa mai sanyaya yana aiki a daidai zurfin gado a cikin cikakken kewayon fitarwa.
Zoben ƙarfe don yin amfani da sinadaran abrasive. Kek ɗin auduga na Kenya, ya danganta da asalinsa, ya ƙunshi ragowar zare na linter da kuma adadin ƙwayoyin ƙasa waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen lalata bangon mutu. Hongyang ya ƙayyade zoben ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe X46Cr13 mai tauri mai injin tsabtacewa tare da ingantaccen rabon matsi na 1:6.5 don ramin mutu na 6.0 mm. Wannan matakin kayan yana cimma tauri na saman HRC 58-60 yayin da yake riƙe da isasshen tauri don tsayayya da ƙananan guntu a mashigar rami - yanayin gazawa da aka lura akan mashin ɗin da suka gabata, waɗanda aka taurare su zuwa 62-64 HRC mai rauni.
4. Sakamako
An ƙaddamar da layin jirgin Hongyang a watan Janairun 2025. Ƙungiyar kula da inganci ta abokin ciniki ta gudanar da wani shiri na sa ido kan aiki na tsawon kwanaki 90, inda aka auna muhimman alamu da bayanai daga watanni shida na ƙarshe na aikin layin jirgin. An taƙaita sakamakon a ƙasa.
Ingantacciyar Layin Gado na Ma'aunin Aiki (Yuli-Disamba 2024) Layin Hongyang (Fabrairu-Afrilu 2025)
Jimlar ƙarfin aiki mai dorewa 3.8–5.5 t/h 7.8–8.2 t/h + 49% a ƙasan iyaka
Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet (PDI) 87.2% matsakaicin 96.8% + maki 9.6
Ƙarancin abun ciki (bayan sanyaya) 6.5–11.2% 1.2–2.0% –82%
Zafin fitar da mai sanyaya 20–25 °C sama da yanayi 3–5 °C sama da yanayi –80%
Amfani da makamashi na musamman 22.4 kWh/t 18.1 kWh/t –19.2%
Dakatarwar da ba a shirya ba a kowane wata 10.6 matsakaicin 2.3 –78%
MTBF (lokutan aiki) Awowi 65 Awowi 312 + 380%
Kudin gyara na wata-wata KSh 187,000 KSh 53,000 –72%
Sakamako biyu sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman.
Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet a kashi 96.8%. Sakamakon gwajin Holmen na kashi 96.8% bayan daƙiƙa 30 yana nuna ingancin pellet a cikin kwata na farko na abincin kiwo na kasuwanci a duniya. Haɗin kwandishan mai shaft biyu wanda ya sami daidaiton gelatinization na sitaci da kuma mai sanyaya iska wanda ke hana fashewar zafi shine babban hanyar. Ga manoman kiwo a cikin radius na rarrabawar abokin ciniki, wannan ya fassara zuwa abinci mai tsabta, babu ƙin amincewa da tarar da ta wuce gona da iri a cikin watanni biyar tun lokacin da aka fara aiki, da kuma rahotannin labarai na raguwar ragowar abincin.
Yawan amfani da makamashi ya ragu da kashi 19.2%. Wannan adadi yana nuna tasirin haɗakar watsawa ta hanyar amfani da gear (kimanin kashi 5% na ingantaccen amfani akan bel ɗin da aka kula da shi sosai da kuma har zuwa kashi 12% akan bel ɗin da aka lalace), tare da kawar da na'urar jigilar kayayyaki ta musamman da kuma fanka mai sake zagayawa ta tsohon mai sanyaya, waɗanda aka haɗa suka cinye kusan kilowatt 7.5. A yawan samar da injin niƙa na kimanin tan 1,500 na ƙwayoyin madara a kowane wata, tanadin 4.3 kWh/t ya yi daidai da kusan KSh 130,000 a kowane wata a rage farashin wutar lantarki - daidai da albashin wani ƙarin mai samar da kayayyaki.
5. Ra'ayoyin Abokan Ciniki
Manajan daraktan masana'antar, a lokacin da ya kai ziyara wurin a watan Mayun 2025, ya bayar da wannan kimantawa:
"Masana'antar pellet mai amfani da gear-drive da kuma na'urar sanyaya daki ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu sarrafa kansu sun canza yadda muke tsara samar da kayayyaki. A karkashin tsohon tsarin, ina tsara yadda ake sarrafa injina - ina tsara tagogi na gyara, ina tsara kasafin kuɗi don maye gurbin bel, da kuma neman afuwa ga manoma lokacin da isar da kayayyaki ta yi latti. Yanzu injinan suna aiki bisa ga tsarin samarwa, ba akasin haka ba. Manoman kiwo namu suna gaya mana cewa ƙwai suna zuwa daidai kuma shanunsu suna tsaftace kwano. Wannan shine ra'ayin da ya fi muhimmanci a gare mu."
Shugaban samar da kayayyaki ya ƙara da cewa: "Mai sanyaya iskar gas shine gwarzon da ba a taɓa jin labarinsa ba. Mun saba da korafe-korafen mold a lokacin damina saboda tsohon mai sanyaya iskar gas yana barin ƙwai ya yi zafi da danshi. Ruwan sama mai tsawo na wannan shekarar - daga Maris zuwa Mayu - ba mu da wani sakamako da ya shafi mold. Zafin fitar da iskar gas mai sanyi bai taɓa wuce 30 °C ba ko da a ranakun da yanayin ya kai 30 °C. Wannan daidaiton shine abin da abokan cinikinmu ke lura da shi."
Ƙungiyar masu gyara ta ba da rahoton cewa na'urar da aka sanya a lokacin aikin ta tara kimanin sa'o'i 6,200 na aiki kafin ƙarshen watan Mayu na 2025, tare da lalacewar ramukan da aka auna a 0.12 mm - a cikin iyakar sabis da masana'anta suka ba da shawarar cewa 0.25 mm ne, wanda ke nuna cewa tsawon rayuwar na'urar za ta wuce sa'o'i 10,000 don wannan maganin.
6. Kammalawa
Misalin masana'antar samar da abinci ta kiwo ta Nakuru ta nuna wani tsari da ke faruwa a tsakanin masu samar da abinci masu matsakaicin girma a Gabashin Afirka: sauyawa daga masana'antar samar da pellet mai bel zuwa masana'antar samar da pellet mai ring-drive kai tsaye, tare da sanyaya ruwa, yana samar da wani sauyi a matakin daidaiton fitarwa, ingancin pellet, da kuma tsarin farashin aiki wanda ya wuce ci gaba mai yawa.
Ga Hongyang Feed Machinery, aikin ya nuna ikon kamfanin na samar da cikakken maganin pelleting - injin pellet, kwandishan, da kuma mai sanyaya - a matsayin wani tsari mai hadewa tare da tallafin aikin a wurin a cikin yanayi mai kalubale. An kammala aikin na kwanaki 14 cikin jadawalin aiki, kuma layin ya kai kashi 95% na karfin da aka kimanta a rana ta 11 ta samarwa.
Ga masana'antar ciyar da abinci ta Kenya, wannan shari'ar ta ƙara ƙarfafa wani muhimmin abu: yayin da gwamnati ke ƙoƙarin samar da lita biliyan 10 na samar da madara a kowace shekara, kuma yayin da masu shiga daga ƙasashe daban-daban ke ɗaga matsayin gasa, ikon masana'antar ciyar da abinci mai zaman kanta na yin gasa ba zai dogara ne akan mafi ƙarancin farashin siyan kayan aiki ba, amma akan mafi ƙarancin kuɗin mallakar kayan aiki da kuma mafi girman ingancin pellet da aka kawo wa ƙofar gonar.
Tushen Bayanai: Ƙididdigar samar da madara da fannin kiwo na Kenya daga governance.co.ke (BETA Dashboard, 2024). Bayanan samar da madara na Gundumar Nakuru daga Organic Farm Kenya (Rahoton Taron Nakuru Value Chain Chain, 2025). Cikakkun bayanai game da abinci mai gina jiki na abincin kiwo na Kenya daga happyfeeds.co.ke da jerin samfuran farmfeeds.org. Duk bayanan aikin kayan aiki daga bayanan sa ido kan abokan ciniki, Janairu-Mayu 2025.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-20-2026
