Inganta Ingancin Ciyar da Pellet Mai Tsarin Masara: Nazarin Shari'ar Injin Pellet Na Hongyang Zoben Die daga Colombia

Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i

Sashen kiwon kaji na Colombia ya samar da kwai biliyan 19.5 a shekarar 2025, inda yawan cin kwai ga kowane mutum ya kai kololuwar da ba a taba samu ba a shekara, a cewar kungiyar masu samar da kaji ta kasa (FENAVI). Masana'antar ciyar da dabbobi ta kasar ta zarce tan miliyan 13.2 a wannan shekarar, inda kaji ke da kashi 56.1% na jimillar yawan da ake samarwa - kimanin tan miliyan 7.4. Kusan dukkan sinadaran da ake samarwa - kashi 98.9% - ana shigo da su ne daga Amurka, wanda hakan ya sa masara ta fi zama ruwan dare a kashi 69.3% na sinadaran da ake samarwa.

Wannan nazarin ya binciki yadda Alimentos NutriAvícola SAS, wani kamfanin samar da abinci mai matakin yanki da ke samar da abinci mai matakin yanki a fadin Cundinamarca-Boyacá na Colombia, ya magance matsalolin ingancin pellet ta hanyar amfani da fasahar injin niƙa pellet na Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery tare da tsarin matsewa na musamman wanda aka inganta don tsarin Layer na masara.

Yanayin Ciyar da Kaji a Colombia

Sashen kiwon kaji na Colombia ya sami ci gaba mai dorewa. Tsakanin 2014 da 2025, yawan cin kaji ya karu da kashi 29%, yayin da yawan cin kwai ya karu daga kimanin raka'a 240 zuwa 366 ga kowane mutum - wanda ya sanya Colombia a cikin manyan ƙasashe masu cin ƙwai a duniya. Sashen yana aiki a cikin ƙananan hukumomi sama da 650 kuma yana samar da kimanin dala tiriliyan 27 na Colombian pesos a cikin darajar tattalin arziki ta shekara-shekara.

Hanyar Cundinamarca-Boyacá, wacce ke kewaye da kayayyakin sarrafa abinci na Bogotá, tana karɓar bakuncin mafi yawan ayyukan kiwon kaji na haɗin gwiwa a ƙasar. Masu samar da abinci a wannan yanki suna hidimar manyan masu haɗaka da masu samar da ƙwai masu zaman kansu, tare da rabon abinci mai faɗi wanda ke wakiltar babban kaso na yawan amfanin yau da kullun. Bayanan FENAVI na Janairu zuwa Yuli 2025 sun nuna cewa wuraren da aka sanya ƙwai a cikin ƙwai sun ƙaru daga miliyan 32.6 zuwa miliyan 34.5, ƙaruwar kashi 5.7% idan aka kwatanta da shekara, wanda ke nuna ci gaba da faɗaɗa a ɓangaren ƙwai.

Tsarin abinci na Colombia ya fi dogara ne da masara da waken soya. Masara tana da kusan kashi 60% na abincin da ake ci, tare da abincin waken soya a kashi 20%, wanda aka ƙara masa shinkafa, calcium carbonate (mai mahimmanci don samar da kwai), da kuma sinadaran bitamin-ma'adinai. Ba kamar abinci mai tushen alkama da aka saba samu a cikin samar da kaji na Turai ba, tsarin da aka yi da masara yana gabatar da takamaiman ƙalubalen pelleting. Masara tana ɗauke da ƙarancin furotin mai samar da gluten fiye da alkama, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ɗaurewar halitta yayin sanyaya jiki da matsi. Wannan yana sa dorewar pellet - wanda aka auna ta hanyar Pellet Durability Index (PDI) - ya fi wahalar cimmawa ba tare da takamaiman kayan aiki ba.

Kalubalen Ingancin Pellet

Kamfanin Alimentos NutriAvícola SAS yana gudanar da wani injin niƙa mai matsakaicin ƙarfin abinci kusa da Duitama, Boyacá, yana samar da kimanin tan 2,800 na abinci mai laushi kowane wata ga hanyar sadarwa ta masu samar da ƙwai sama da 40 a yankin Altiplano Cundiboyacense. Masana'antar ta daɗe tana samar da abinci mai laushi a cikin nau'in niƙa, wanda yawancin abokan ciniki suka karɓa don tsarin ciyar da abinci a buɗe da kuma na bene.

Yayin da fannin ƙwai na Colombia ya girma — wanda wani ɓangare na amincewar 2025 na fitar da ƙwai na harsashi zuwa kasuwar Amurka — manyan abokan cinikin masana'antar sun fara canzawa zuwa tsarin ciyarwa ta atomatik a cikin gidaje masu kula da muhalli. Waɗannan tsarin suna buƙatar abincin da aka yi wa pellet don yin aiki yadda ya kamata: abincin da aka dafa yana haifar da gada a cikin tsarin auger, yana haifar da ƙura mai yawa wanda ke toshe matatun iska, kuma yana haifar da ciyarwa ta zaɓi inda tsuntsaye ke cire ƙwayoyin da suka fi so yayin da suke barin ƙarancin bitamin da ma'adanai.

Layin gyaran pellet ɗin da ake da shi a yanzu a injin niƙa, wanda aka sanya masa injin niƙa pellet mai bel ta amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun zoben da aka saba amfani da su, ya samar da sakamako mara daidai da tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a kan masara:

• PDI mai canzawa: Dorewar pellet ya canza tsakanin kashi 88% zuwa 92%, ƙasa da matakin kashi 94% da tsarin ciyarwa ta atomatik ke buƙata don ingantaccen aiki.
• Babban abun ciki mai inganci: Siffofin bayan sanyaya sun dawo da tarar kashi 4-6% akai-akai, wanda dole ne a sake sarrafa shi, wanda hakan ya rage yawan aiki mai inganci da kuma ƙara farashin makamashi a kowace tan.
• Taurin da bai dace ba: Bambancin taurin pellet daga rukuni zuwa rukuni ya haifar da korafe-korafen abokan ciniki - wasu kayayyaki sun zo da ingancin pellet mai karɓuwa, yayin da wasu kuma suka nuna karyewar da ta yi yawa bayan tafiyar motar sa'o'i 2-3 daga Duitama zuwa gonaki a Sabana de Bogotá.
• Iyakokin da za a iya samu ta hanyar amfani da hanyar sadarwa: Tsarin bel-drive ya fuskanci zamewa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na kaya, musamman lokacin da bambancin abun ciki na danshi daga rukuni zuwa rukuni ya canza halayen kwararar cakuda ta hanyar na'urar sanyaya.

Kwastomomi shida da ke wakiltar kusan kashi 35% na yawan kuɗin wata-wata sun nuna cewa za su nemi wasu masu samar da kayayyaki idan ingancin pellet bai inganta cikin kwata ɗaya ba.

Maganin Niƙa Pellet na Hongyang

Hukumar masana'antar ta tantance shawarwari daga masu samar da kayan aiki na ƙasashen duniya guda uku kafin ta zaɓi Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. An kafa Hongyang a shekara ta 2006, ta ƙware a fannin kera injinan ƙarfe na zobe da pellet, tare da cibiyar samar da injinan ƙarfe na zobe wanda ke ba da damar daidaita daidaiton matsi, yanayin ramin mutu, da kuma takamaiman kayan aiki.

Tsarin Kayan Aiki

Hongyang ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da injin niƙa na HYPM 508 mai siffar zobe, wanda ke da tsarin watsawa mai amfani da gear tare da gears mai siffar helical mai daidaito. Injin niƙa na'urar ya kasance mai mahimmanci wajen bambantawa: ba kamar tsarin da ke amfani da bel ba, yana kiyaye isar da ƙarfi akai-akai ba tare da la'akari da bambance-bambancen tsari na tsari daga rukuni zuwa rukuni ba, yana kawar da zamewa yayin girke-girke mai yawan danshi ko mai yawan mai.

Keɓancewa na Zobe na Mace don Tsarin Layer na Masara

Babban aikin fasaha ya ta'allaka ne akan ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin ƙarfe na zobe. Ƙungiyar injiniya ta Hongyang ta yi nazarin ainihin tsarin da abokin ciniki ya yi amfani da shi - kashi 60% na masara, kashi 20% na waken soya, kashi 8% na bran shinkafa, kashi 7% na calcium carbonate, kashi 5% na premix - kuma ta ƙididdige mafi kyawun rabon matsi don rama ƙarancin halayen ɗaure masara idan aka kwatanta da alkama.

Rabon Matsi: An zaɓi rabon 1:11 don mashin 3.0 mm da kuma 1:10 ga mashin 4.0 mm. Waɗannan ƙimar suna kan mafi girman ƙarshen mashin kaji na yau da kullun (1:8 zuwa 1:14), suna ba da ƙarin lokacin matsi da ake buƙata don mashin da aka yi da masara don cimma matsaya mai kyau. Tsawon da ya fi kauri yana tabbatar da cewa gelatinization na sitaci da aka samu yayin sanyaya tururi (wanda ke nufin zafin mashin 80-85°C) an kulle shi a cikin tsarin pellet kafin ya fita daga mashin.

Tsarin Ramin Mutu: An ƙayyade tsarin mazugi na shiga ciki tare da kusurwar shigarwa ta digiri 60 don inganta kwararar abu zuwa tashar matsi. Wannan yana rage takamaiman amfani da kuzari a kowace tan yayin da yake kiyaye daidaiton yawan pellet a duk ramukan mazugi. Injinan haƙa bindiga na CNC masu cikakken atomatik tare da guntun haƙa bindiga da aka shigo da su daga Jamus sun tabbatar da daidaiton yanayin rami da kuma kammala saman da ya dace - wani bayani da ke shafar daidaiton pellet da halayen lalacewa na mutu kai tsaye.

Kayan aiki da TauriAn ƙera mayafin zobe daga ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai yawan chromium (daidai da 20CrMnTi) wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar maganin taurarewar injin Hongyang, wanda ya kai taurin saman HRC 60-62 tare da zurfin Layer mai taurare na 1.2-1.5 mm. Ga magungunan masara da ke ɗauke da sinadarin calcium carbonate a 7% - wani sinadari mai ɗan gogewa - wannan ƙayyadaddun taurin yana nufin tsawon rayuwar mayafin tan 5,000-7,000 tsakanin maye gurbin.

Aiwatarwa a Wurin Aiki

Hongyang ya tura wani babban injiniyan kwamishina zuwa cibiyar Duitama. Tsarin kwamishina na kwanaki uku ya haɗa da:

1. Daidaitawar fitarwa ta amfani da ainihin tsarin Layer na abokin ciniki maimakon kayan tunani
2. Daidaita sigogin gyaran tururi don cimma mafi kyawun zafin gelatinization (82°C) yayin da ake kiyaye abubuwan bitamin masu saurin kamuwa da zafi
3. Daidaita gibin da aka yi amfani da shi don cimma rarraba kayan abu iri ɗaya a duk faɗin fuskar mutu - an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar hoton zafi don tabbatar da daidaiton zafin mutu
4. Gudun hutu na awanni 48 da aka sarrafa don daidaita ma'aunin ingancin pellet kafin a canza zuwa cikakken samarwa

Sakamakon Samarwa

Bayanan da aka tattara bayan kammala aikinsu na tsawon kwanaki 60 sun nuna ci gaba mai ma'ana a duk manyan alamun ingancin pellet:

Inganta PDI zuwa kashi 95-97% ya kawar da tushen rashin gamsuwar abokan ciniki na farko. Masu samar da ƙwai ta amfani da tsarin ciyarwa ta atomatik ba su ba da rahoton wani ƙarin yanayi na gadawar auger ko ciyarwa ta zaɓi ba. Rage tarar daga kashi 4-6% zuwa ƙasa da kashi 1.5% ya fassara kai tsaye zuwa raguwar farashin sake sarrafawa da kuma kusan kashi 3% mafi inganci na yawan amfanin gona daga kowane rukunin samarwa.

Yawan amfani da na'urar ya karu da kusan kashi 45% — daga tan 3.8 zuwa 5.5 a kowace awa — ba tare da ƙarin ƙarfin injin ba. An danganta wannan ribar da isar da karfin juyi na injin gear wanda ke kawar da raguwar saurin da ke faruwa wanda ya danne tsarin da ke tuƙi da bel, tare da ingantaccen tsarin zobe mai rage juriya ga fitarwa.

Ra'ayoyin Abokan Ciniki da Tasirin Kasuwanci

A cikin kwata na farko na aikin sabon layin pellet, abokan ciniki shida waɗanda a baya suka yi barazanar barin aiki sun sabunta kwangilolin samar da ƙwai. Ƙarin masu samar da ƙwai biyu - ɗaya yana aiki da wani wurin samar da ƙwai mai girman tsuntsaye 120,000 a Sabana de Bogotá - sun tuntuɓi NutriAvícola game da yarjejeniyar samar da ƙwai bayan sun ji labarin ingantaccen ingancin pellet daga gonakin da ke makwabtaka.

Babban manajan kamfanin ya ba da rahoton cewa jarin ya sami cikakken sakamako cikin kimanin watanni 14, wanda ya haifar da abubuwa uku: kawar da haɗarin rage darajar abokan ciniki (wanda ya yi barazana ga kashi 35% na yawan kowane wata), rage farashin makamashi a kowace tan (22 idan aka kwatanta da 28 kWh), da kuma ikon yin hidima ga ɓangaren ciyar da abinci ta atomatik da ke ƙaruwa a masana'antar samar da kayayyaki ta Colombia.

Kammalawa

Bangaren matakin ƙasa na Colombia yana cikin wani yanayi na raguwar yawan samar da ƙwai. Samar da ƙwai mai yawa, sabbin hanyoyin samun damar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje, da kuma sauyawa daga tsarin ciyar da abinci ta hannu zuwa tsarin sarrafa kansa yana ƙara ƙarfin masana'antun abinci. Ingancin pellet - wanda a da ake la'akari da shi a matsayin na biyu lokacin da yawancin abokan ciniki ke amfani da abincin da aka dafa - ya zama abin da ke bambanta gasa.

Wannan shari'ar ta nuna cewa ga tsarin da aka yi da masara, ƙayyadaddun ma'aunin zobe ba aikin zaɓin kasida ba ne amma lissafin injiniyanci ne. Dole ne a daidaita rabon matsi, yanayin ramin mutu, da taurin kayan daidai da takamaiman tsari don cimma daidaiton ma'aunin da zai iya jurewa sufuri. Tsarin watsawa mai amfani da gear yana ba da fa'idodi masu ma'ana fiye da madadin da aka yi da bel don kiyaye daidaiton fitarwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin nauyi mai canzawa da ke tattare da samar da abinci na kasuwanci.

Ikon Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery na keɓance na'urorin auna zobe bisa ga takamaiman sigogin tsari - wanda ke tallafawa ta hanyar kera su ta hanyar CNC daidai da kuma maganin taurarewa - ya ba wa injin niƙa mai matsakaicin girma na Colombia damar canza ingancin pellet daga alhaki zuwa kadara mai gasa.