Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i
Masana'antar kiwo ta Isra'ila tana da matsayi mafi girma a duniya: matsakaicin yawan madara da kowace saniya ke samarwa a duniya. A shekarar 2024, Holsteins na Isra'ila sun yi fice a Denmark (kilogram 10,777), Estonia (kilogram 11,350), da Amurka da gagarumin riba, a cewar Babban Ofishin Kididdiga na Isra'ila. Bayan wannan gagarumin yawan amfanin gona akwai ingantaccen tsarin samar da abinci inda ingancin pellet ba zai yiwu a yi ciniki a kai ba.
Wannan binciken ya binciki yadda wani kamfanin samar da abinci na Isra'ila, wanda ke gudanar da wani kamfanin niƙa mai suna TMR a yankin Jezreel Valley da ke kudu maso gabashin Haifa, wanda ke samar da ƙwayoyin TMR na madara ga ayyukan kibbutz da moshav sama da 40, ya sami dorewar ƙwayoyin pellet, rage tarar kuɗi, da kuma inganta yawan samarwa bayan ya kafa injin niƙa mai suna Hongyang HYPM-420. Kamfanin niƙa yana samar da kimanin tan 8,000 na ƙwayoyin kiwo a kowane wata, yana hidimar garken da ke samar da sama da lita miliyan 100 na madara a kowace shekara.
Bayani: Kalubalen Ciyar da Madara ta Isra'ila
Sashen kiwo na Isra'ila yana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa waɗanda suka sanya ingancin abinci ya zama babban abin damuwa. Gonakin kiwo 620 na ƙasar, har zuwa ƙarshen 2024, suna kula da kimanin shanu 138,000 na kiwo, tare da matsakaicin gonakin da ke samar da lita miliyan 2.5 a kowace shekara. Ba kamar manyan ayyukan kiwo a Amurka ko New Zealand ba, gonakin Isra'ila suna da ɗan ƙarami a girma amma suna da matuƙar ƙarfi a fannin kulawa. Ingancin canza abinci, rage damuwa a lokacin zafi, da kuma daidaiton rabon abinci (TMR) sune ginshiƙan aikinsu na duniya. An kiyasta jimillar ƙimar samar da madara a Isra'ila a kusan shekel biliyan 3.9 a shekarar 2024, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 9.6% na yawan amfanin gona.
Abubuwa da dama sun haɗu don sanya ingancin pellet ya zama muhimmi musamman a cikin mahallin Isra'ila.
Dogaro da hatsin abinci da ake shigowa da su daga ƙasashen waje. Isra'ila tana shigo da mafi yawan hatsin abinci, musamman masara, waken soya, da alkama, wanda hakan ya sa farashin kayan masarufi ya yi tasiri ga sauyin farashi a duniya da kuma katsewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Rikicin Rasha da Ukraine da ke ci gaba da faruwa da kuma katsewar jigilar kayayyaki a yankin ta cikin Tekun Maliya sun ƙara wannan rauni. Kowane kashi na ingancin abinci da aka samu ta hanyar ingantaccen ingancin pellet yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa raguwar dogaro da shigo da kaya da kuma ingantaccen riba ga masu samar da kiwo.
Matsin zafin zafi. Yanayin zafi na lokacin rani a filayen bakin teku da kwaruruka na cikin gida na Isra'ila yakan wuce digiri 35 na Celsius, wanda hakan ke haifar da matsin zafi mai tsanani ga shanun kiwo. Bincike daga Ƙungiyar Binciken Noma ta Cibiyar Volcano ta Isra'ila ya nuna cewa shanu masu fama da zafi suna rage shan busassun abubuwa da kashi 10 zuwa 20 cikin ɗari, tare da raguwar yawan madarar da ake samarwa. Ma'aikatar Noma ta Isra'ila ta lura cewa ɗumamar yanayi na buƙatar ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin tsarin sanyaya da ayyukan gudanarwa don ci gaba da samar da madara. Abincin da aka yi da pellet, tare da yawansu da kuma ƙarancin ƙura, yana ƙarfafa yawan shan madara akai-akai ko da a ƙarƙashin matsin zafi, amma sai idan ingancin pellet ya tsaya a ƙarƙashin yanayin ajiya da jigilar kaya wanda zai iya kaiwa digiri 40 a cikin wuraren ajiyar abinci marasa inuwa.
Bukatun daidaito na TMR. Masana abinci mai gina jiki na kiwo na Isra'ila suna tsara daidaitaccen rabon TMR wanda ke daidaita kuzari, furotin, zare, da ƙananan sinadarai masu gina jiki tare da daidaito na musamman, wani abu da ake buƙata yayin da ake auna madara yana samar da sama da lita 50 a kowace saniya a kowace rana a lokacin shayarwa mafi girma. Taurin pellet da juriya kai tsaye suna shafar yadda ƙwayoyin ke aiki a cikin mahaɗan TMR. Ƙwayoyin laushi suna tarwatsewa zuwa ƙananan abubuwa waɗanda ke raba su a cikin mahaɗan kuma shanun suna guje musu da zaɓi, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaito a cikin abinci mai gina jiki. Ƙwayoyin masu tauri da ɗorewa suna kiyaye amincinsu ta hanyar haɗawa da isarwa, suna tabbatar da cewa kowane abin da ke cikin baki ya ƙunshi bayanin sinadari da aka tsara.
Tsarin haɗakar masana'antu. Daga 2015 zuwa 2024, matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona a kowace gonar kiwo ta Isra'ila ya karu da kashi 26 cikin ɗari, daga lita miliyan 1.713 zuwa lita miliyan 2.516, yayin da adadin gonakin ya ragu daga 634 zuwa 620. Wannan haɗin yana nufin cewa kowace masana'antar samar da abinci yanzu tana hidimar ƙananan abokan ciniki amma manyan, waɗanda matsalolin ingancin pellet ke da tasiri mafi girma a fannin kuɗi.
Mai ƙera: Inganta Masana'antar Samar da Abinci ta Yanki don Ci Gaba
Kamfanin niƙa abinci a tsakiyar wannan binciken, wanda ke cikin kwarin Jezreel a kudu maso gabashin Haifa, ya yi wa al'ummar yankin kiwon dabbobi hidima tun daga shekarar 1998. Asalinsa ƙaramin aiki ne da ke samar da tan 2,000 a kowane wata na niƙa da kuma abincin da aka yi da pellet, injin ɗin ya faɗaɗa sosai yayin da yawan kiwo da Isra'ila ke samarwa ya ta'azzara a gonaki kaɗan amma masu amfani.
Zuwa shekarar 2022, masana'antar tana samar da kimanin tan 6,500 a kowane wata ta amfani da tsofaffin injinan pellet guda biyu daga wani kamfanin kera na Turai. Duk da cewa kayan aikin suna da sauƙin gyarawa, suna gab da ƙarshen rayuwar tattalin arzikinta. Muhimman batutuwan da suka shafi aiki sun haɗa da Pellet Durability Index (PDI) wanda ke matsakaicin kashi 92 zuwa 93 cikin ɗari na abubuwan da aka haɗa da madara, ƙasa da kashi 96 cikin ɗari da aka ƙayyade da ƙarin abin da masana abinci mai gina jiki suka ƙayyade don amfani da TMR; yawan lalacewa da ake buƙata don canza injina a kowace tan 1,200 zuwa 1,500; ƙaruwar amfani da makamashi daga 18 zuwa 20 kWh a kowace tan don pellet kawai; da kuma tara kuɗin dawo da kashi 4 zuwa 5 cikin ɗari, wanda ke wakiltar asarar samfura da farashin sake sarrafa su.
Hukumar kula da masana'antar ta fahimci cewa gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare kaɗan ba za su rage gibin ba. An tsara kasafin kuɗin maye gurbin layin pellet guda ɗaya a shekarar 2023, tare da tsarin kimantawa mai gasa wanda ya haɗa da masu samar da kayayyaki daga Turai, China, da Turkiyya.
Mafita: Hongyang HYPM Ring Die Pellet Mill
Bayan wani bincike na tsawon watanni shida wanda ya haɗa da ziyartar wuraren da aka yi amfani da su wajen gina wuraren adana abinci a fannin kaji na Masar da kuma masana'antar kiwon kiwo ta Habasha, gwajin masana'antu tare da samfurin nama, da kuma tattaunawa ta fasaha dalla-dalla tare da ƙungiyar injiniya ta Hongyang, masana'antar ta zaɓi injin niƙa na Hongyang HYPM-420 don shigarwa a kan babban layin abincin kiwo.
HYPM-420, wani ɓangare na jerin mashinan zobe na tsakiyar zangon Hongyang, yana da diamita na mashinan ciki mai girman 420mm tare da ingantaccen faɗin aiki na 120mm, wanda babban injin 110 kW ke tuƙawa. Wasu fasaloli na fasaha sun yi tasiri ga zaɓin.
Ana samar da na'urorin haƙa bindiga na Hongyang ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin haƙa bindiga na CNC da kuma na'urorin sarrafa zafi na injin, tare da jure wa ramuka a cikin ƙari ko ƙasa da 0.05mm kuma ana iya daidaita rabon matsi daga 1:4 zuwa 1:12. Don amfani da kiwo na Isra'ila, an ƙayyade diamita na ramin matsi na 8mm tare da rabon matsi na 1:7, wanda aka inganta don ƙirƙirar kashi 35 na sha'ir, kashi 25 na masara, kashi 18 na waken soya, da kashi 22 na bran alkama da ma'adinai.
Tsarin daidaita na'urar HYPM mai zaman kanta yana bawa masu aiki damar kiyaye ingantaccen tsari a tsawon rayuwar na'urar ba tare da cire kayan na'urar ba, musamman ma inda yawan canjin tsari tsakanin abincin madara, busasshen saniya, da abincin shanu ke buƙatar ingantaccen tsari mai sauri.
An haɗa HYPM-420 da na'urar sanyaya iska mai matakai biyu wadda ke ba da daƙiƙa 90 na lokacin riƙewa, wadda aka sanya mata bawul ɗin tururi mai daidaita yanayin zafin da ke kiyaye zafin da aka yi da shi a cikin sama ko ƙasa da 1°C na zafin da ke tsakanin 78 zuwa 82°C don ciyar da nono, wanda ya isa ga samar da sitaci da kuma sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da lalacewar zafi ga ingancin furotin ba.
Hongyang ta samar da harsashin na'urar chromium mai yawan gaske (HRC 58-62) don samar da ƙwayoyin hatsi masu yawan haɗuwa, wanda ke ba da juriya ga gogewa da kuma taurin da ake buƙata don jadawalin aiki na sa'o'i 20 a kowace rana, kwana shida a mako.
Aiwatarwa da Sakamako
An kammala shigarwar ne bayan an shirya rufewa na tsawon kwanaki 10 a watan Maris na 2023. An haɗa HYPM-420 cikin layin da ake da shi a sama da na'urar sanyaya daki ta hanyar amfani da na'urar dumama da kuma tsarin hadawa da hadawa na injin. Hongyang ya aika da wani babban injiniyan gudanarwa wanda ya kula da shigarwar injina, haɗa wutar lantarki, da kuma gudanar da horon masu aiki na tsawon kwanaki biyar.
Samar da kayayyaki ya ci gaba da gudana a sabon layin dogo da kashi 70 cikin 100 na karfin da aka kimanta a makon farko, inda ya karu zuwa cikakken aiki a rana ta takwas. Bayan watanni 14 na ci gaba da aiki har zuwa watan Afrilun 2024, kimanin awanni 8,400 na aiki, kamfanin ya bayar da rahoton wadannan ma'aunin aiki idan aka kwatanta da layin da ya maye gurbin.
Yawan fitar da ƙwayoyin madara mai nauyin 8mm ya karu daga tan 4.2 a kowace awa zuwa tan 5.8 a kowace awa, wanda hakan ya nuna ci gaba da kashi 38 cikin ɗari. Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet, wanda aka auna ta hanyar akwatin tumble, ya tashi daga kashi 92 zuwa 93 cikin ɗari zuwa kashi 96.5 zuwa 97.5 cikin ɗari. Yawan dawowar da aka samu daga tarar ya ragu daga kashi 4 zuwa 5 cikin ɗari zuwa kashi 1.2 zuwa 1.8 cikin ɗari, raguwar kashi 65 cikin ɗari. Yawan amfani da makamashi na musamman ya ragu daga 18 zuwa 20 kWh a kowace tan zuwa 14.2 zuwa 15.5 kWh a kowace tan, wanda hakan ya rage darajar kashi 22 cikin ɗari. Tsawon rayuwar samar da madara mai nauyin 8mm ya karu daga tan 1,200 zuwa 1,500 zuwa sama da tan 3,800, fiye da sau 2.5. Tsawon rayuwar harsashi mai juyawa ya karu daga tan 600 zuwa 800 zuwa sama da tan 2,200, fiye da ninki uku na lokacin sabis na baya. Lokacin hutun da ba a tsara ba ya faɗi daga awanni 8 zuwa 12 a kowane wata zuwa awanni 2 zuwa 3.
Babban ci gaba ga masu amfani da kiwo a masana'antar shine hauhawar PDI daga kashi 92 zuwa kashi 93 zuwa kashi 96.5 zuwa kashi 97.5. A zahiri, wannan yana nufin ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke isa ga injinan haɗa TMR na gona ba tare da raguwa ba, wanda ke rage tarar da aka tara a ƙasan magudanar abinci kuma shanu suka ƙi. Manajan ingancin masana'antar ya lura cewa korafe-korafen abokan ciniki game da ingancin pellet, wanda matsakaicin kayan aikin da aka yi a baya ya ragu zuwa sifili a cikin watanni shida bayan shigar da HYPM.
Tasirin Abokan Ciniki: Abin da Manoman Kiwo Suka Fuskanta
Ma'aikatan masana'antar sun haɗa da gonaki daga shanu 150 zuwa 800 masu shayarwa, tare da matsakaicin girman garken shanu kimanin shanu 320. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna ciyar da ƙwayoyin da aka yi wa bawon burodi ne kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin TMR wanda ya haɗa da masarar da aka yi wa bawon burodi, alkamar da aka yi wa bawon alkama, da kuma wasu kayayyakin da suka fito daga masana'antar abinci ta gida.
Manajoji uku na gonakin kiwo da aka yi hira da su a wannan binciken sun bayar da rahoton ci gaba da lura bayan haɓaka layin bututun niƙa.
Wani aiki da aka yi na shanu 500 a Upper Galilee a baya ya ga tarin tabo a wuraren ciyar da abinci bayan isar da TMR, musamman a lokacin bazara lokacin da tabo ya fi saurin laushi sakamakon zafi. Bayan haɓakawa, manajan gonar ya ba da rahoton cewa babu wani lahani da ke bayyana a cikin hanyar ciyar da abinci, tare da karatun gadaje na yau da kullun yana nuna yawan amfani da su iri ɗaya a cikin garken.
Masanin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke hidimar kiwo mai shanu kibbutz 380 kusa da Afula ya bi diddigin kaso na kitse da furotin na madara kafin da kuma bayan inganta ingancin kitsen. Duk da cewa abubuwa da yawa suna shafar abun da ke cikin madarar, masanin abinci mai gina jiki ya lura cewa bambancin kowane wata a cikin kaso na kitsen madara ya ragu daga daidaitaccen karkacewa na maki 0.22 kafin haɓakawa zuwa maki 0.12 bayan haɓakawa, wanda aka danganta a wani ɓangare da isar da abinci mai gina jiki mai daidaito daga kitsen da ke riƙe da aminci ta hanyar haɗa TMR da ciyarwa.
Wani kiwo mai shanu 280 mai shanu moshav ya ƙididdige cewa raguwar ɓarnar abinci, wanda a da aka ƙididdige shi a kusan kashi 1.5 zuwa 2 cikin ɗari na ƙwayar da aka yi wa ƙwaya a matsayin tarar da ba a ci ba, tare da ingantaccen ingancin ciyar da garken, ya haifar da raguwar ILS daga 0.03 zuwa 0.04 a cikin kuɗin ciyarwa kowace lita ta madara da aka samar. A wani aiki da ake yi wanda ke samar da lita miliyan 2.8 a kowace shekara, wannan yana wakiltar tanadin kusan ILS 84,000 zuwa 112,000, daidai da kusan Yuro 21,000 zuwa 28,000 a kowace shekara.
Matsayin Hongyang: Bayan Samar da Kayan Aiki
Aikin Isra'ila ya nuna fannoni da dama na tsarin Hongyang Feed Machinery.
Ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta yi nazari kan cikakken nau'ikan kiwo na masana'antar, ciki har da bambance-bambancen yanayi a cikin wadatar kayan abinci kamar sha'ir na bazara idan aka kwatanta da alkama na hunturu da kuma canjin farashin masara da waken soya, kuma ta ƙera wani nau'in ma'adinai mai zurfin taimako daban-daban a cikin layukan ramuka don inganta yawan samarwa a cikin nau'ikan kiwo.
Shirin kwana biyar na aikin gudanarwa da horarwa a wurin ya ƙunshi hanyoyin aiki na yau da kullun, mafi kyawun hanyoyin kula da injinan da aka saba amfani da su, magance matsalolin da suka shafi gyaran injinan da suka haɗa da shaƙewa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da tarar da ta wuce gona da iri, da kuma tsare-tsaren kiyaye bayanai waɗanda ke ba da damar tsara jadawalin kulawa bisa ga bayanai. Babban mai kula da injinan, wanda ke da shekaru 18 na ƙwarewar gyaran injinan, ya bayyana horon a matsayin mafi kyawun canja wurin fasaha da ya samu daga duk wani mai samar da kayan aiki.
Lokacin da injin niƙa ya fuskanci raguwar ƙarfin aiki a cikin watanni 10, wanda daga ƙarshe aka gano cewa injin tace tururi ya lalace yana rage ingancin sanyaya daki, ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta gano matsalar daga nesa cikin awanni huɗu bayan karɓar bayanan aiki, wanda hakan ya hana canjin ma'aunin da ba dole ba kuma ya adana kimanin Yuro 3,500 na sassa da lokacin aiki.
Kammalawa
Yawan madarar da masana'antar kiwo ta Isra'ila ke samarwa a duniya ba hatsarin kwayoyin halitta ba ne kawai. Suna nuna tsarin da ake inganta kowane shigarwa, gami da kwayoyin halitta, abinci mai gina jiki, gudanarwa, kula da yanayi, da samar da abinci, don tallafawa aikin halittu na musamman. Ingancin pellet, kodayake galibi ba a iya gani ga mai amfani, muhimmin abu ne a cikin wannan sarkar.
Kwarewar wannan masana'antar ciyar da abinci ta Jezreel Valley ta nuna cewa kayan aikin fesawa da suka dace, waɗanda aka ƙera su don takamaiman buƙatun samar da abincin kiwo kuma aka tallafa musu da haɗin gwiwar fasaha mai himma, suna samar da ingantattun ci gaba a cikin dorewar pellet, ingancin samarwa, da kuma sakamakon noma ga masu samar da kiwo.
Kamfanin HYPM ring die pellet mill na Hongyang Feed Machinery, ta hanyar cika ƙa'idodin da ake buƙata don ciyar da shanun kiwo mafi yawan amfanin gona a duniya, ya tabbatar da matsayinsa a cikin ɗaya daga cikin yanayin masana'antar abinci mafi wahala a duniya a fannin noma.
Game da Injinan Ciyar da Hongyang: Liyang Hongyang Feed Machinery Co., Ltd. ta ƙware a fannin ƙira, ƙera, da kuma samar da injinan pellet na zobe, injinan hammer, injinan haɗawa, injinan sanyaya abinci, injinan crumbler, da kuma cikakken layin samar da abinci. Tare da fiye da shekaru ashirin na ƙwarewar masana'antu, Hongyang tana hidimar masana'antun abinci a ƙasashe sama da 50 a fannin kiwon kaji, dabbobi, abincin ruwa, da kuma fannin abincin dabbobi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-13-2026
