Wani kamfanin samar da abinci mai matsakaicin girma na ƙasar Romania wanda ke samar da gonakin alade na kasuwanci a yankin Banat ya maye gurbin injin niƙa na Turai mai tsufa da injin niƙa na Hongyang HYPM series ring die pellet a ƙarshen 2024. Cikin watanni shida da fara aiki, injin niƙa ya sami ingantaccen aiki na tan 12 a kowace awa akan abincin gama alade na yau da kullun (3.5 mm die), ma'aunin juriya na pellet (PDI) akai-akai sama da kashi 96%, da kuma raguwar amfani da makamashi a kowace tan na abincin da aka gama. A daidai lokacin da masu samar da dabbobi na ƙasar Romania ke fuskantar farashin abinci wanda ya kai har zuwa kashi 65% na jimillar kuɗin aiki, aminci da ingancin layin niƙa ya zama babban abin da ke da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye gasa tsakanin gona da gona.
Yanayin Ciyar da Alade na Romania: Matsi da Kayan Aiki Dole
Sashen ciyar da abinci mai gina jiki na Romania yana fuskantar matsin lamba mai yawa. A cewar bayanan Eurostat da mujallar masana'antu InfoFerma ta ruwaito, farashin masara da sha'ir - manyan kayan amfanin gona a cikin abincin alade - ya karu da kashi 18% tsakanin 2023 da 2024, yayin da jimlar farashin abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi ya karu da kashi 25%. Cibiyar Kididdiga ta Kasa (INS) ta sami karuwar kashi 14% a cikin kudaden aiki na gonakin dabbobi na Romania a cikin wannan lokacin. Tare da ciyarwa wacce ta kai har zuwa kashi 65% na jimlar farashin samarwa a fannin alade, kowane kashi na inganci da aka samu a masana'antar ciyarwa yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa ga iyakokin rayuwa.
Masana'antar alade ta Romania tana da matuƙar muhimmanci a ƙa'idodin Gabashin Turai. Ƙasar tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan naman alade da aka haɗa a Turai - Comtim Romania, wani reshe na Smithfield wanda ya zuba jari sama da dala miliyan 600 tun daga 2004 a gonakin zamani, masana'antar abinci mai haɗaka, da wuraren sarrafawa. Kasuwar tana cinye sama da tan miliyan 4 na abincin masana'antu kowace shekara, tare da buƙatu yana ƙaruwa musamman a sassan kaji da alade. Ga masu samar da abinci na matsakaici waɗanda ke hidimar hanyoyin sadarwa na gonaki na yanki, ikon samar da ingancin pellet mai daidaito a farashi mai kyau ba zaɓi bane - amma sharaɗi ne na ci gaba da kasuwanci.
A kan wannan yanayi ne masana'antar abinci ta Banat, wacce ke samar da kimanin tan 80,000 na abincin da aka haɗa a kowace shekara don kammala ayyukan alade a yammacin Romania, ta fara tantance layin tacewa a farkon 2024. Injin pellet ɗin da ke akwai, injin da aka yi amfani da shi a Turai wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru goma yana aiki, yana isar da wutar lantarki mara tsari - yana juyawa tsakanin 9 zuwa 11 t/h dangane da halayen kayan masarufi - kuma yana samar da pellets tare da ƙimar PDI wanda wani lokacin yana raguwa ƙasa da kashi 92%, wanda ya haifar da korafe-korafe daga gonakin abokan ciniki game da tarar da ta wuce gona da iri a cikin abincin da aka kawo.
Shawarar Kimanta Maganin Zoben Sinawa
Da farko ƙungiyar injiniyan masana'antar ta fara neman wanda zai maye gurbinta daga kamfanonin da aka kafa a Turai. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka samu jarin da ya wuce watanni shida da kuma kuɗin jari da suka yi wahalar tabbatarwa a cikin shekarar da ba ta da riba, ya haifar da bincike mai zurfi. Ta hanyar mai rarraba kayan aiki a ɓangaren ciyar da abinci na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, an gabatar da ƙungiyar ga Hongyang Feed Machinery, wani kamfanin kera kayayyaki na ƙasar Sin wanda ya ƙware a masana'antar sarrafa pellet da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin zoben die tun daga shekarar 2006.
Shawarar Hongyang ta kasance mai sauƙi: injin niƙa pellet da aka gina a kusa da na'urar mashin zobe da na'urar birgima mai inganci, tare da mai da hankali kan ingancin kayan aiki da daidaiton masana'antu maimakon ikirarin tallatawa. Ana yin injinan mashin zoben kamfanin a cibiyoyin haƙa bindiga na CNC masu axis biyar, ana amfani da maganin zafi na tanda don tauri iri ɗaya, kuma ana yin duban ultrasonic akan kowace na'urar da aka ƙirƙira kafin a yi ƙera ta. Waɗannan cikakkun bayanai ne na fasaha waɗanda suka yi daidai da injinan gyara waɗanda suka shafe shekaru suna sarrafa lalacewar mashin da zagayowar maye gurbin.
Gudanar da masana'antar ciyar da abinci ta kasance mai amfani. Sun nemi tuntuɓar masu tuntuɓa daga irin waɗannan ayyuka kuma sun sami takaddun bayanai da bayanai na PDI daga wani mai samar da abincin alade a wata ƙasa maƙwabciyar EU (tare da izinin abokin ciniki). Bayanan sun nuna cewa an samu ci gaba da fitarwa na 11.5-12 t/h akan injin 3.5 mm don ciyar da abinci na ƙarshe tsawon watanni 18, tare da tsawon rayuwar injin ringmoin fiye da awanni 6,000 kafin a buƙaci a gyara. Waɗannan alkaluman sun yi daidai da abin da injin ringmoin na Banat ke buƙata. An yi odar injin ringmoin pellet na HYPM508 a tsakiyar 2024 kuma an ba da umarnin a watan Nuwamba.
Aikin Gudanarwa da Aiki: Watanni Shida na Bayanai
Manajan masana'antar ya bayyana tsarin ƙaddamar da aikin a matsayin "babu wani abu mai sauƙi a hanya mafi kyau." Ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang, wacce ke wurin na tsawon kwanaki uku, ta kula da daidaito, sarrafa injinan da aka dafa, da kuma daidaita sigogi na farko. Rukunin farko na samarwa na masana'antar - abincin masara da waken soya na yau da kullun - wanda aka yi da abincin gama gari na alade tare da kashi 15% na bran alkama - ya cimma 11.8 t/h cikin awanni huɗu da fara aiki.
A ƙarshen cikakken watan farko na aiki, injin ɗin yana aiki a kan 12.0-12.3 t/h a kan wannan tsari, inda nauyin injin ya daidaita a kusan 88% na ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige. Wannan ya bar babban damar yin amfani da kayan da suka yi yawa ko kuma bambancin kayan amfanin gona na yanayi - wani gibin ƙira da ƙungiyar samarwa ta buƙata musamman idan aka yi la'akari da bambancin ingancin hatsin Romania daga shekara zuwa shekara.
Ma'aunin ingancin pellet ya jawo hankali nan take daga sashen tabbatar da inganci na masana'antar. Ƙimar PDI, wacce aka auna ta amfani da na'urar gwadawa ta Holmen NHP100 (hanyar dakika 30 ta yau da kullun), ta daidaita a matsakaicin kashi 96.3% a cikin rukuni 120 da aka yi samfurin a cikin watanni shida. Bambancin da aka yi a cikin waɗannan rukuni ya kasance maki 0.7% - yana da ƙarfi sosai, wanda ke nuna cewa juriyar pellet ba wai kawai tana da girma ba amma ana iya hasashen ta. Yawan abubuwan da ke cikin abincin da aka gama a wurin jakunkuna an auna su ƙasa da kashi 1.5% akai-akai, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 3-5% a ƙarƙashin kayan aikin da suka gabata.
Masanin abinci mai gina jiki na aladu na abokin ciniki ya lura da wani fa'ida da ba a zata ba: daidaiton cin abinci a duk faɗin hanyar gona ya inganta. "Lokacin da aladu suka sami abinci mai tsari na jiki - ba ya bambanta daga ɗaukar kaya zuwa ɗaukar kaya a cikin mota dangane da taurin pellet da ƙarancin nauyi - tsarin shan abinci yana daidaita. Wannan wani abu ne da ke bayyana a cikin bayanan rabon canza abinci a tsawon cikakken zagayowar girma," in ji masanin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin bita na kwata-kwata. Yayin da ƙungiyar masana'antar ta yi taka tsantsan kada ta danganta ci gaban FCR kawai da canje-canjen pellet - abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri ga aikin gona - an ɗauki alaƙar da ke tsakanin ingancin pellet mai daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na shan abinci a matsayin riba mai ma'ana.
Zoben da ke tsakiyar labarin
Na'urar zobe da kanta ta cancanci kulawa. Hongyang ta ƙera na'urar ƙarfe mai tsawon mm 3.5 mm × 75 mm mai tasiri don wannan aikace-aikacen, ta amfani da ƙarfe mai nauyin X46Cr13 - ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai kama da martensitic chromium tare da kusan kashi 0.46% na carbon wanda ke ba da daidaiton tauri (yawanci HRC 52 - 55 bayan maganin zafi) da tauri. Wannan zaɓin kayan yana nuna takamaiman ciniki na injiniya: ƙarfe masu amfani da carbon mai yawa na iya samun ƙarin tauri amma suna fuskantar haɗarin karyewa a ƙarƙashin nauyin tasirin da ke tattare da ɓarnar abincin alade, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa da sinadaran fiber kamar su alkama ko abincin sunflower (dukansu sun zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin alade na Romania).
An tsara yanayin ramin mashin ɗin tare da tsarin matsi mai ci gaba: sashin shiga mai laushi don jagorantar abinci mai sanyi zuwa yankin mashin ɗin, ɓangaren ƙasa mai silinda don ƙirƙirar mashin ɗin, da kuma hanyar fita mai sauƙi don rage matsin lamba da rage kashe kuzari yayin fitar da shi. Wannan bayanin martaba ba na musamman bane ga Hongyang - yana wakiltar ƙa'idodin ƙirar mashin ɗin ...
Bayan watanni shida da kimanin sa'o'i 3,200 na aiki, injin ya nuna lalacewa iri ɗaya ba tare da wata shaida ta rashin daidaituwa ta hanyar bututun mai ba, fashewa, ko ramuka. Manajan masana'antar ya yi hasashen tsawon lokacin aiki na akalla sa'o'i 7,000 kafin a gyara shi, bisa ga ma'aunin lalacewa da aka ɗauka a lokacin binciken sa'o'i 3,000. Wannan hasashen, idan aka cimma shi, zai sanya ingantaccen farashin injin a kowace tan na abincin da aka gama ya yi ƙasa da matsakaicin tarihi na injin.
Makamashi da Kuɗi: Lambobin da Suka Dace
Amfani da makamashi shine mafi girman farashin da aka saba amfani da shi wajen yin pellet, kuma shine ma'aunin da mai kula da harkokin kuɗi na kamfanin Banat ya fi lura da shi sosai. A ƙarƙashin kayan aikin da suka gabata, amfani da makamashi a injin pellet ya kai matsakaicin 19.2 kWh a kowace tan na abincin da aka gama. Bayan inganta sigogin aiki na injin Hongyang - musamman, daidaita zafin yanayin tururi zuwa 78°C da saurin die don dacewa da halayen kwararar abinci - matsakaicin amfani ya daidaita zuwa 17.1 kWh/t, raguwar kusan 11%.
A kan yawan samar da tan 55,000 na abincin alade da aka yi da pellet (sauran abin da injin niƙa ke samarwa shine abincin da manoma ke nomawa), wannan tanadin kWh/t 2.1 yana nufin kimanin kWh 115,500 a kowace shekara. A matsakaicin farashin wutar lantarki na masana'antu na Romania na kimanin EUR 0.13 a kowace kWh (bayanan Eurostat na 2024), tanadin makamashi na shekara-shekara ya kai kimanin EUR 15,000. Duk da cewa ba shi da wani tasiri a kansa, wannan tanadin yana ba da gudummawa ga ribar kowace tan ta injin niƙa a lokacin da masana'antun abincin Romania ke shan ƙaruwar farashin kayan masarufi mai yawa.
Girman Hongyang: Abin da Wannan Shari'ar Take Nunawa
Wannan nazarin ba a gabatar da shi a matsayin wani labari na nasara ba. Yana nuna wani tsari da ya bayyana a kasuwannin abinci da yawa inda aka yi amfani da injinan pellet na Hongyang: mai da hankali kan kera muhimman abubuwa - ingancin kayan aiki, injinan daidaitacce, da kuma daidaiton tsari - wanda ke samar da ingancin kayan aiki ba tare da ikirarin tallatawa ba.
Injinan Abinci na Hongyang, wanda ke da hedikwata a Liyang, Lardin Jiangsu, China, ya kasance mai kera na'urorin haƙa bindiga na CNC mai sassa biyar, tanderun tace zafi na injin, da kuma cibiyoyin haƙa ramuka da yawa a cikin yanayin samarwa wanda ke jaddada maimaitawa akan sauri. Kowace na'urar haƙa zobe mara komai tana yin duba ta hanyar ultrasonic kafin yin aiki - matakin kula da inganci wanda ya dace da masana'antar sararin samaniya da motoci amma ba a saba gani ba a cikin samar da kayan abinci gabaɗaya. Jerin samfuran kamfanin yana rufe na'urorin haƙa zobe daga diamita na mm 200 zuwa mm 600, haɗa na'urori masu juyawa, harsashi na birgima, da kuma injinan pellet cikakke, waɗanda suka dace da manyan kamfanonin watsa labarai na Turai da na duniya.
Kwarewar da kamfanin Banat ya samu da Hongyang ya nuna gagarumin sauyi a kasuwar kayan aikin ciyarwa ta duniya: karuwar sha'awar da ke tsakanin masana'antun ciyarwa na Turai masu son rage farashi don tantance kayan aikin kasar Sin bisa ga cancantar fasaha maimakon kasar da ya fito. Idan injin niƙa mai kama da zobe zai iya nuna ingantaccen aiki, ingancin pellet mai daidaito, amfani da makamashi mai karko, da kuma tallafin fasaha mai amsawa, lissafin sayayya zai zama mai amfani maimakon akida.
Darussan Aiki ga Masu Gyaran Abinci
An samo bayanai da dama daga wannan aikin da zai iya zama darasi ga sauran masana'antun ciyarwa idan aka yi la'akari da haɓaka layin pellet:
Takaddun bayanai na mutu suna da muhimmanci fiye da yadda yawancin masu sarrafa injina ke tsammani. Shawarar ƙungiyar Banat ta yi aiki tare da injiniyoyin aikace-aikacen Hongyang akan yanayin ramin mutu - maimakon kawai yin odar ma'aunin ma'aunin 3.5 mm - ribar da za a iya aunawa a cikin kwanciyar hankali da dorewar amfani da pellet. Injinan ciyar da abinci waɗanda ke ɗaukar ƙayyadaddun bayanai na mutu a matsayin shawarar siyan kayayyaki suna barin aiki a tebur.
Sigogin gyaran tururi sun shafi tsarin. An ƙayyade mafi kyawun zafin jiki na wannan tsari (78°C) ta hanyar daidaitawa akai-akai a watan farko na aiki. Saitunan gyaran da suka riga suka kasance daga injin pellet na baya ba su canza kai tsaye ba; yanayin yanayin injin da halayen matsewa na sabon injin sun buƙaci sake daidaitawa. Ya kamata masu gyaran injin su tsara lokaci da kulawa don wannan matakin ingantawa.
Daidaiton PDI yana da mahimmanci kamar matsakaicin PDI. Ƙungiyar ingancin injin niƙa na Banat ta lura cewa juriyar pellet wanda ya bambanta sosai daga rukuni zuwa rukuni yana haifar da matsalolin sarrafawa da ciyarwa a matakin gona, koda kuwa matsakaicin PDI ya dace. An ga karkacewar ma'aunin PDI na injin niƙa na Hongyang (maki 0.7 cikin ɗari) a matsayin mafi mahimmanci a cikin aiki fiye da matsakaicin da ya fi girma tare da babban bambanci.
Kammalawa
A kasuwar ciyar da dabbobi ta Romania inda masu samar da alade ke shan ƙarin kashi 25% na kuɗin abinci mai gina jiki na dabbobi, ingancin kayan aiki ba abin jin daɗi ba ne - abu ne da ke cikin kasafin rayuwa. Kwarewar da kamfanin niƙa abinci na Banat ya samu tare da injin niƙa mai zobe na Hongyang HYPM ya nuna cewa ana iya cimma ingantaccen amfani, ingancin pellet mai daidaito, da kuma tanadin makamashi mai aunawa ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki waɗanda ke fifita muhimman abubuwan da ake samarwa fiye da asalin alama. Ga masu niƙa abinci waɗanda ke kimanta jarin layin pellet ɗinsu daga matsewa, alkaluman da ke fitowa daga wannan yanayin suna ba da ma'ana mai amfani: ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfi na t/h 12, matsakaicin PDI na 96.3%, tanadin makamashi na 2.1 kWh/t, da kuma na'urar auna zobe a kan hanya don tsawon sabis na awanni 7,000. Gudunmawar Hongyang ga wannan sakamakon ya kasance mai sauƙi: injin da aka yi da kyau, wanda aka kawo akan lokaci, wanda aka tallafa masa da kyau, kuma yana aiki kamar yadda aka ƙayyade.
Bayanin Hana Amfani: Wannan nazarin ya dogara ne akan bayanan aiki da masana'antar ciyar da abinci ta abokin ciniki ta raba tare da izinin bugawa. Sakamakon mutum ɗaya ya dogara ne akan tsari, halayen kayan aiki, ayyukan aiki, da yanayin wurin. Injin ciyar da abinci na Hongyang ba ya ba da garantin aiki iri ɗaya a duk shigarwar. Duk ƙididdigar masana'antu da aka ambata an samo su ne daga bayanan da jama'a ke da su (Eurostat, INS Romania, InfoFerma, FAO Food Outlook 2024) kuma suna nuna yanayin kasuwa inda wannan aikin ya faru.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-13-2026
