Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i
Mexico ita ce ƙasa ta shida mafi girma a duniya wajen samar da ƙwai, inda take samar da tan miliyan 3.27 na ƙwai a shekarar 2024, kuma tana riƙe da rikodin duniya na cin ƙwai ga kowane mutum, inda ake samun ƙwai 392 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. Bayan waɗannan alkaluman, akwai masana'antar ciyar da abinci da ke samar da tan miliyan 7.7 na abinci mai laushi a kowace shekara - kashi na biyu mafi girma na jimlar abincin da Mexico ke samarwa tan miliyan 41. Don ayyukan shimfida, daidaiton abinci ba zaɓi ba ne: canjin ingancin pellet kai tsaye yana shafar daidaiton girman ƙwai, ƙarfin harsashi, da kuma yawan aikin kaza.
Wannan binciken ya binciki wani kamfanin samar da abinci mai layi na kasuwanci a Jalisco, jihar da ta fi kowacce samar da ƙwai a Mexico, wanda ya maye gurbin tsofaffin injinan pellet da Hongyang zobe deads a farkon 2025. Fiye da watanni 12, injinan sun sami damar samar da tan 8 a kowace awa tare da ma'aunin juriyar pellet (PDI) akai-akai sama da kashi 94%, rage lokacin aiki da kusan kashi 30%, kuma sun ba da rahoton ingantaccen daidaiton girman ƙwai daga abokan cinikinsu da aka haɗa.
1. Masana'antar Kwai ta Mexico: Girma da Muhimmanci
Sashen kaji na Mexico ginshiƙi ne na tsaron abinci na ƙasa. Kaji miliyan 173 na ƙasar - mafi girman garken da ke Latin Amurka - suna samar da ƙwai waɗanda ake ci a mafi girman adadin kowane mutum a ko'ina a duniya. A cewar Ƙungiyar Masu Samar da Kaji ta Mexico (UNA), matsakaicin ɗan Mexico yana cin ƙwai 392 a kowace shekara, yana gaba da Colombia mai matsayi na biyu da ƙwai 291.
Masana'antar ta fi mayar da hankali ne a tsakanin manyan kamfanonin da ke haɗaka a tsaye da kuma masana'antun kasuwanci masu zaman kansu. PROAN, mai layuka miliyan 34, ita ce kamfanin ƙwai na biyu mafi girma a duniya. Bachoco, wani shugaban kaji mai bambancin iri-iri, yana da layuka miliyan 12.2 tare da babban kasuwancin kaji. Empresas Guadalupe, El Calvario, da Gena Agropecuaria kowannensu yana sarrafa layuka miliyan 10 ko fiye. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan manyan kamfanonin, da yawa daga cikin masana'antun abinci masu matsakaicin girma suna samar da gonaki masu layuka masu zaman kansu a faɗin Jalisco, Guanajuato, Puebla, da Nuevo León.
Masana'antar ciyar da abinci ta Mexico ta samar da tan miliyan 41 na metric a shekarar 2024, inda ta zo ta biyar a duniya bayan China, Amurka, Brazil, da Indiya, a cewar Majalisar Kula da Abinci ta Mexico (Conafab). Ciyar da tan miliyan 7.7 na metric - kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na duk abincin da aka samar a ƙasar. Conafab ta yi hasashen ci gaban kashi 2.8% na samar da abinci mai Layer a shekarar 2025, wanda ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 7.9 na metric, wanda buƙatu na cikin gida da damar fitarwa ke haifarwa.
Mexico tana shigo da kusan kashi 74% na hatsin abincinta, musamman masara daga Amurka, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama babbar ƙasar da ke shigo da masara ga masu fitar da ita daga Amurka. Ganin cewa shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje yana ƙara yawan kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa, ingancin masana'antar samar da abinci ya zama babban abin da ke haifar da gasa.
2. Abokin Ciniki: Injin Niƙa Abinci Mai Layi na Jalisco
A wannan binciken, wannan masana'antar niƙa wani aiki ne na kasuwanci da ke yankin Los Altos na Jalisco, babban yankin samar da ƙwai a Mexico. Tana samar da kimanin tan 2,500 na abinci mai laushi a kowane wata, wanda ke ba da sabis ga hanyar sadarwa ta gonakin ƙwai masu zaman kansu a cikin radius na kilomita 100. Masana'antar tana gudanar da layukan niƙa guda biyu na pellet - ɗaya da aka keɓe don abinci mai Layer-1 (mai yawan sinadarin calcium, laushi mai kauri) da ɗaya don abinci mai mataki-2 da mataki-3.
Kafin a fara aikin gina injin niƙa a Hongyang a farkon shekarar 2025, injin niƙa yana aiki da injin niƙa daga wani mai samar da kayayyaki na Turai a layin samar da shi na farko, wani injin niƙa mai nauyin t/h 8. Manajan kula da injin niƙa ya ba da rahoton matsaloli biyu masu ɗorewa. Na farko, tsawon rayuwar injin niƙa ya ragu zuwa kimanin sa'o'in aiki 2,500 - kimanin watanni shida a yawan samar da injin niƙa - kafin PDI ya faɗi ƙasa da 88%. Na biyu, yawan amfani da injin niƙa ya ragu tsakanin t/h 6.5 zuwa 7.8 dangane da lalacewar injin niƙa, wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga jadawalin samarwa da kuma tilasta sauye-sauyen aiki na ƙarin lokaci a lokacin da ake buƙatar injin niƙa.
Ga masana'antar sarrafa abinci mai lanƙwasa, PDI yana da mahimmanci daban da na ayyukan injinan gasa. Kaji masu lanƙwasa suna cin abinci a tsawon lokacin samarwa - yawanci makonni 52 zuwa 80 - kuma rashin ingancin pellet yana haifar da tarar da yawa wanda kaji ke gujewa. Wannan yana haifar da rashin daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki, raguwar daidaiton girman ƙwai, da kuma ƙarancin kuɗin shiga ga kowace kaza da aka ajiye. Bincike ya nuna cewa PDI ƙasa da kashi 85% yana da alaƙa da raguwar da za a iya aunawa a cikin samar da abincin kaji da daidaiton nauyin ƙwai (Abadi et al., 2019; Abdollahi et al., 2013).
3. Hanyar Hongyang: Injiniyan Ma'aunin Zobe Mai Daidaito
Ƙungiyar siyan injinan sun tantance ma'aunin zobe daga masana'antun guda uku kafin su zaɓi Hongyang. Sharuɗɗan kimantawa sune: tsawon rai a ƙarƙashin yanayin abinci mai yawan sinadarin calcium, da kuma yanayin rashin ƙarfi; kwanciyar hankali a tsawon rayuwar ma'aunin; da kuma ikon tallafin fasaha na mai samar da injin don inganta rabon matsi.
Hongyang ya gabatar da wani zobe na musamman wanda aka keɓance shi da waɗannan bayanai dalla-dalla:
An daidaita shi da samfurin injin pellet da ake da shi a yanzu
An inganta shi don abinci na mataki na 1 tare da kashi 3.8–4.2% na sinadarin calcium da kuma kashi 15–16% na furotin mai ɗanɗano
Tsarin taimako mai matakai da yawa don rage zafin gogayya da amfani da makamashi
Karfe mai ƙarfe mai yawan chromium tare da taurarewar injin har zuwa taurin Rockwell 58–62 HRC
An goge madubi zuwa Ra ≤ 0.4 μm
Zaɓin rabon matsi ya kasance mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Abincin da aka yi da yadudduka ya ƙunshi sinadarin calcium mai yawa (yawanci 3.5–4.5%) daga ƙarin harsashin dutse da na kawa, waɗanda ke da ƙazanta kuma suna hanzarta lalacewa. Rabon matsi wanda ya yi ƙasa sosai yana samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta; ya yi yawa yana haifar da zafi mai yawa, yana lalata bitamin da amino acid masu saurin kamuwa da zafi. Ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta yi aiki tare da masanin abinci mai gina jiki na masana'antar don yin samfurin mafi kyawun rabon L/D bisa ga takamaiman adadin kitsen da aka samar, matakin zare, da kuma girman barbashi.
An ƙera na'urorin haƙa bindiga na CNC da kuma layukan sarrafa zafi na injin tsotsar ruwa. Kowace na'urar ta sami takardar shaidar PDI a kan injin niƙa pellet mai gwaji kafin a kawo ta.
4. Sakamako: Bayanan Aiki na Watanni 12
An girka na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki na Hongyang a watan Fabrairun 2025. Kamfanin injin ya bi diddigin muhimman ma'aunin aiki a cikin watanni 12 da suka biyo baya kuma ya kwatanta su da na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki na Turai da suka gabata.
| Ma'auni | Pre-Hongyang (2024) | Bayan Hongyang (2025) | Sauyi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matsakaicin fitarwa | 7.1 t/h | 8.0 t/h | +12.7% |
| Daidaiton fitarwa (kewayon) | 6.5–7.8 t/h | 7.8–8.2 t/h | An raba karkacewa |
| PDI (matsakaicin wata-wata) | 89.2% | Kashi 94.6% | +5.4 shafi |
| Rayuwar sabis ta mutu | ~Awowi 2,500 | > awanni 3,200 (a ci gaba) | +28% mafi ƙaranci |
| Lokacin hutun da ba a shirya ba | ~Awowi 18/wata | ~Awowi 12/wata | -33% |
| Amfani da kuzari (kWh/t) | 16.8 | 15.1 | -10.1% |
Babban ribar aiki shine kwanciyar hankali na yadda ake amfani da na'urar. Tare da na'urorin da suka gabata, ƙarfin samarwa ya ragu sosai bayan kimanin sa'o'i 1,200 na aiki yayin da lalacewar ramuka ke ƙaruwa, wanda hakan ya rage tasirin matsewa. Na'urorin Hongyang sun ci gaba da daidaita yanayin ramuka bayan sa'o'i 3,000, wanda hakan ya ba injin niƙa damar gudanar da jadawalin aiki sau ɗaya cikin aminci - yana kawar da buƙatar ƙarin lokaci da rage farashin aiki.
Yawan amfani da makamashi ya ragu da kusan kashi 10%, wanda ya danganta da tsarin ramuka masu matakai da yawa wanda ke rage juriyar gogayya yayin samuwar ƙwayoyin pellet. A ƙimar wutar lantarki ta masana'antu a Mexico - ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a Latin Amurka - wannan ya fassara zuwa tanadin da za a iya aunawa a kowane wata.
Dakin gwaje-gwajen kula da inganci na masana'antar ya ba da rahoton cewa PDI ya kai matsakaicin kashi 94.6% a cikin samfuran kama-karya na wata-wata, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 89.2% a baya. Yawan tara a ƙofar gonar ya ragu daga kashi 6.5% zuwa ƙasa da kashi 3%, wani ma'auni mai mahimmanci ga ayyukan da aka yi a matakin ƙasa inda tara ke wakiltar asarar tattalin arziki da kuma yiwuwar haifar da rashin daidaiton aikin garken.
5. Ra'ayoyin Abokan Ciniki da Tasirin Ƙasa
Babban manajan kamfanin niƙa ya lura da ci gaba uku na inganci fiye da ma'aunin adadi:
Korafe-korafen abokan ciniki game da ingancin pellet - musamman na wargajewar abinci a tsarin ciyarwa ta atomatik - ya ragu sosai. Niƙa tana hidimar gonaki ta amfani da na'urorin ciyar da sarka da na'urorin ciyar da kwanoni, waɗanda duka ke haifar da matsin lamba na inji. Ƙara yawan PDI yana nufin ƙarancin tarar da ke taruwa a cikin magudanar abinci, wanda ke rage sharar gida da aikin tsaftacewa ga manoma.
Mutane da yawa da suka haɗa da masu amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa sun ba da rahoton ingantaccen daidaiton nauyin ƙwai, wanda suka danganta da yawan cin abinci mai kyau. Duk da cewa injin niƙa ba ya sarrafa canje-canje a matakin gona kamar gidaje, iska, ko kula da lafiya, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ingancin pellet mai ɗorewa da kuma aikin garken da ya dace an rubuta ta sosai a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyyar kaji.
Ƙungiyar kula da injinan sun yaba da raguwar yawan canjin injinan. Kowace canjin injinan tana buƙatar awanni 4-6 na lokacin aiki don wargazawa, tsaftacewa, da sake daidaita shi. Tsawaita rayuwar injinan da aƙalla kashi 28% yana nufin ƙarancin katsewa da kuma ƙarin jadawalin kulawa da ake iya faɗi.
6. Yanayin Masana'antu: Dalilin da Ya Sa Samar da Ciyarwa Mai Inganci Yake Da Muhimmanci
A masana'antar samar da ƙwai mai gasa a Mexico, abincin da ake nomawa yana wakiltar kusan kashi 60-70% na jimillar kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen samar da ƙwai. Ganin cewa hatsi da ake shigowa da su daga ƙasashen waje suna ɗauke da kashi uku cikin huɗu na kayan da ake samarwa kuma suna fuskantar canjin farashin musayar kuɗi, masana'antun ba za su iya biyan ƙarancin samar da kayayyaki da ke ɓatar da kayayyaki ko kuma rage ingancin samarwa ba.
Masana'antun abinci guda 623 na Mexico — waɗanda aka haɗa su 230 da kuma waɗanda aka haɗa su da kasuwanci guda 393 — suna aiki da kusan kashi 86% na jimlar ƙarfin tan miliyan 47.4 na su, a cewar bayanan Conafab. Rata tsakanin aiki mai riba da asara galibi ana ƙaddara ta hanyar amincin kayan aiki da daidaiton sarrafawa.
Ga masana'antun kasuwanci da ke samar da gonaki masu zaman kansu, ingancin pellet shine babban abin da ke bambanta gasa kai tsaye. Manoma waɗanda ke samun pellets masu dorewa da dorewa suna fuskantar ƙarancin toshewar tsarin ciyarwa, ƙarancin ɓarnar abinci, da kuma yawan fitar ƙwai iri ɗaya - duk waɗannan suna ƙarfafa riƙe abokan ciniki a masana'antar.
7. Kammalawa
Wannan binciken shari'a na watanni 12 ya nuna cewa matattun zobe da aka ƙera daidai - tare da ingantaccen rabon matsi, ingantaccen ƙarfe, da tsarin ramuka masu matakai da yawa - suna ba da ci gaba mai ma'ana a cikin kwanciyar hankali na fitarwa, juriyar pellet, da ingancin kuzari don samar da ciyarwar Layer.
Ga Hongyang, shigar Jalisco ya tabbatar da tsarin kamfanin na injiniyan mutu na musamman ga abokan ciniki. Maimakon bayar da na'urorin zobe masu girman-girma ɗaya-daidaita-duka, tsarin Hongyang na zaɓar rabon matsewa da inganta ƙirar mutu yana magance takamaiman ƙalubalen kowane nau'in abinci - a wannan yanayin, yanayin abinci mai yawan sinadarin calcium da kuma gurɓataccen abinci na Layer.
Tun daga lokacin ne kamfanin injin ya yi odar na'urar rage ƙwai ta zobe don samar da layin samar da ita na biyu kuma yana binciken kayan aikin gyaran harsashi na Hongyang don ƙara inganta aikin injinan pellet a yankin matsewa.
Tushe & Nassoshi
- Hukumar Abinci da Noma (FAO). Jimillar Samar da Kwai — Mexico, 2024. Laburare na Helgi / FAOSTAT.
- Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimentos Balanceados (Conafab). Kamfanonin Ciyarwar Mexiko na Shekara-shekara, 2024-2025. An ruwaito ta hanyar dabarun ciyarwa.
- Unión Nacional de Avicultores (UNA). Ƙungiyar Masu Kajin Mexiko - Yawan Jama'a da Bayanan Amfani da Kowane Mutum.
- Watt Global Media / Industria Avicola. Manyan Kamfanonin Kwai a Mexico, Matsayin 2019–2020.
- Abadi da sauransu (2019). Dorewa da ƙarfin pellet da aikin broiler: Nazarin meta-bincike.Kimiyyar Kaji.
- Abdollahi da sauransu (2013). Tsaftace abincin broiler: Bayani mai zurfi tare da mai da hankali kan ingancin pellet da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki.Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Abinci da Dabbobi.
- Amerah et al. (2007). Girman ƙwayar abincin: Alamomin da ke tattare da narkewar abinci da kuma yadda kaji ke aiki.Mujallar Kimiyyar Kaji ta Duniya.
- Cutlip da sauransu (2008). Tasirin ingancin pellet na abinci akan aikin broiler.Mujallar Binciken Kaji Masu Amfani.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-30-2026
