Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i
Samar da naman kaji a Saudiyya ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 1.3 a shekarar 2024, karuwar kashi 12.9% a kowace shekara bisa ga umarnin tsaron abinci na Vision 2030 wanda ke nufin kashi 80% na wadatar kaji (GASTAT, 2024). Wannan fadada ya sanya buƙatu masu ban mamaki ga masana'antun abinci, musamman a lokacin bazara lokacin da yanayin zafi na yanayi ya wuce digiri 45 na Celsius. Masana'antar Abinci ta Al-Riyadh (wanda aka sakaya sunanta ta hanyar buƙatar abokin ciniki), ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da naman kaji guda biyar na Masarautar tare da fitar da abincin da aka haɗa a kowace shekara fiye da tan 280,000 na metric, ya fuskanci matsala mai mahimmanci: dorewar pellet ta ragu a lokacin zafi na Mayu-Satumba, inda ta faɗi ƙasa da kashi 91-92% na PDI (Pellet Durability Index) idan aka kwatanta da ma'aunin cikin gida na kamfanin na ≥96%.
A tsakiyar shekarar 2024, kamfanin ya gyara layukan injinan pellet guda biyu na farko da kayan haɗin zoben Hongyang HYPM da kuma harsashin roller da suka dace. A cikin kwanaki 90 na farko na aiki har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zafi, layukan sun sami ci gaba mai kyau na PDI na 98.2% (±0.5), sun kawar da abubuwan da suka faru da zafi ke haifarwa, kuma sun rage yawan maye gurbin zoben da kusan kashi 35% idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin da aka samo daga Turai a baya. Wannan nazarin ya binciki ƙalubalen fasaha na pellet mai zafi, martanin injiniyan Hongyang, da sakamakon da za a iya ƙididdigewa.
Bayanan Masana'antu da Abokin Ciniki
Saudiyya tana aiki a ƙarƙashin ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi ƙalubale a duniya wajen samar da dabbobi masu yawa. Hukumar Kididdiga ta ƙasa ta ruwaito cewa lardin Riyadh kaɗai ya samar da tan 359,700 na naman kaji a shekarar 2024, sai kuma Hail (tan 295,000) da Qassim (tan 200,000). Abincin da ake nomawa yana wakiltar kashi 60-70% na jimillar kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen samar da kaji, wanda hakan ya sa ingancin kaji ya zama babban abin da ke da tasiri a tattalin arziki.
Masana'antar Feed Industries ta Al-Riyadh tana da masana'antun abinci guda uku da ke yankin tsakiya suna ciyar da gonakin broiler guda 42 da aka yi kwangilarsu. Babban tsarinsu na kammala broiler shine tushen abincin masara da waken soya tare da diamita na pellet 3.0 mm, wanda ke nufin zafin pellet da aka gama ƙasa da 88°C a lokacin da aka fitar da ruwan sanyi. Kafin a sake gyara Hongyang, kamfanin ya yi fama da yanayin yanayi mai maimaitawa: yayin da zafin yanayi ya wuce 38°C (yawanci a farkon watan Mayu), nauyin injin pellet ya zama mara kyau, yanayin zafin saman mutu ya tashi sama da 95°C, kuma PDI na pellet da aka gama ya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 96% da ake buƙata don kiyaye ƙimar asarar abinci mai karɓuwa a matakin gona.
An auna sakamakon tattalin arziki. Bayanan masana'antu daga Cibiyar Binciken Kaji ta Duniya sun nuna cewa kowace raguwar kashi 1% a cikin PDI yana da alaƙa da kimanin ƙaruwar 0.4-0.6% a cikin ɓarnar abinci a cikin tsarin ciyar da kasko - wanda ke nufin kimanin ƙarin tan 1,100-1,700 na abinci da ake rasa kowace shekara a sikelin Al-Riyadh lokacin da PDI ke raguwa a lokacin kakar wasa.
Kalubalen: Zafi Mai Tsanani da Lalacewar Ingancin Pellet
Famfon abinci na broiler yana aiki a cikin wani ƙaramin taga mai yanayin zafi. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na mash yana tsakanin 75-90°C, tare da yanayin fitar da mashin da ya fi dacewa a riƙe shi zuwa 80-90°C. Sama da 95°C, lalacewar zafi na bitamin masu saurin zafi (A, D, E, K) da amino acid na roba (lysine, methionine) yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri. A lokaci guda, amsawar Maillard tsakanin rage sukari da amino acid kyauta yana fara ɗaure lysine cikin hadaddun abubuwan da ba za a iya narke su ba, wanda hakan ke rage yawan sinadaran da ake da su sosai (Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2019).
A masana'antar Al-Riyadh, zafin lokacin rani ya gabatar da hanyoyi uku na gazawar:
1. Rashin isasshen ƙarfin sanyaya: Iskar da ke shigowa a zafin 45°C ta rage yanayin zafi na mai sanyaya daki, wanda hakan ya hana ƙwayoyin su isa zafin fitar da ake so na 5°C sama da yanayi. Ƙwayoyin da ke fitowa daga ɗumi sosai suna riƙe da danshi kuma suna laushi yayin ajiya.
2. Gujewar zafi daga injinan pellet: A yanayin zafi mai 45°C, ƙarfin watsar da zafi na injinan pellet ya wuce. Zafin saman injin ya haura sama da 95°C a cikin mintuna 45 na farko na ci gaba da aiki, wanda hakan ya haifar da rufewar tsaro ta PLC ta atomatik.
3. Zamewar harsashin birgima: Zafin jiki mai yawa ya rage tasirin gogayya tsakanin saman harsashin birgima da mashin da aka sanya masa, wanda hakan ke haifar da zamewar na'urar birgima lokaci-lokaci, rarraba kayan da ba su daidaita ba a fuskar mutu, da kuma yanayin lalacewar mutun na gida.
Sakamakon da aka samu: PDI na pellet ya faɗi zuwa kashi 91.2% (wanda aka auna ta hanyar ASAE S269.4), asarar abinci a gonaki ya ƙaru da kusan kashi 2.8%, kuma an tilasta wa shukar rage yawan amfani da shi da kashi 15-20% a cikin lokutan da suka fi zafi don guje wa rufewa. Tsawon lokacin aiki na zoben ƙarfe - wanda ya riga ya tabarbare sakamakon sinadarin silica a cikin masarar da aka samo daga gida - ya ragu daga matsakaicin sa'o'in aiki 3,500 a lokacin hunturu zuwa sa'o'i 2,200-2,500 a lokacin rani.
Hongyang Solution
Bayan binciken fasaha da aka gudanar tare da ƙungiyar injiniyan aikace-aikacen Hongyang, an aiwatar da gyaran sassa uku a kan layukan injinan pellet guda biyu:
1. Ma'aunin Zobe Mai Daidaito tare da Matsakaicin Matsawa Mai Inganci
Hongyang ta ƙayyade ma'aunin zobe mai diamita 3.0 mm tare da rabon matsewa na 1:12.5 — wanda aka daidaita don takamaiman tsarin gamawa na broiler na abokin ciniki (tushen abincin masara da waken soya tare da ƙarin mai 3.2% da danshi bayan sanyaya 14.5%). Kayan ma'aunin shine X46Cr13 (DIN 1.4034 / China 4Cr13) bakin karfe maratensitic, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar taurarewa a 1,050-1,080°C sannan a ninka zafin a 220-240°C don cimma taurin saman HRC 52-54 iri ɗaya a duk faɗin layin ma'aunin.
A taƙaice, fasahar ramin mutu da aka haƙa da bindiga ta Hongyang - ta amfani da haƙa rami mai zurfi na CNC tare da juriyar matsayi na ±0.02 mm - ta samar da daidaito tsakanin diamita tsakanin rami da rami wanda aka auna a ≤15 μm bambancin. Wannan matakin daidaito yana rage bambancin juriya a fadin fuskar mutu, babban canji wajen kiyaye daidaiton yawan ƙurar ƙura a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai canzawa. An gama kowane mashigar ramin mutu da chamfer mai kauri a 60° don rage juriyar shiga kayan aiki, wanda hakan ke rage yawan amfani da kuzari (kWh/ton) da ake buƙata don fara samar da ƙurar ƙura.
2. Haɗakar Haɗaɗɗen Haɗaɗɗen Haɗaɗɗen Haɗaɗɗen Haɗaɗɗen Haɗaɗɗen Zafin Jiki Mai Zafi
Hongyang ya samar da wani tsari mai kama da na'urar busar da aka ƙera daga ƙarfen ƙarfe mai ƙarfe 20CrMnTi tare da zurfin akwati mai kauri na 2.0-2.2 mm da kuma taurin saman HRC 60-62. An tsara tsarin kwalta da ramin rami na 1.2 mm da zurfin rami na 0.8 mm, wanda aka inganta don haɓaka riƙon abu a cikin injin busar da mai ƙarancin gogayya da mai mai yawa.
Haɗin na'urar ya haɗa da bearings masu siffar ƙwallo mai siffar ƙwallo mai zafi (wanda ya yi daidai da aji na SKF Explorer, wanda aka ƙididdige shi zuwa zafin aiki mai ci gaba da digiri 120 na Celsius), wanda ya maye gurbin bearings na yau da kullun waɗanda suka nuna lalacewar mai da kuma fesawa da wuri a lokacin samar da lokacin bazara. Hatimin labyrinth mai matakai da yawa tare da abubuwan lebe na PTFE yana hana shigar da tarar, wani abu da aka saba gani lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta masu zafi da bushewa suka shiga cikin gidan bearing.
3. Tsarin Daidaita Gap na Die-Roller
Ƙungiyar fasaha ta Hongyang ta kafa gibin die-roller na 0.40 mm (±0.05 mm), wanda aka auna sanyi tare da ma'aunin ji a wurare shida daidai gwargwado a kusa da kewayen diamer. Wannan ƙayyadaddun gibin da ya fi ƙarfin mizanin yana rama faɗaɗa zafi a zafin aiki: a zafin saman diamer na 85°C, diamer na X46Cr13 yana faɗaɗawa ta hanyar radial da kimanin 0.08-0.12 mm (ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi ≈10.5 × 10⁻⁶/K), ta yadda zai rufe gibin sanyi zuwa kusan 0.28-0.35 mm mafi kyau a yanayin aiki. Wannan hanyar kafin diyya tana hana gibin ya faɗi sosai a lokacin lokacin bazara, wanda in ba haka ba zai rage ƙarfin matsi akan mashin kuma ya lalata yawan pellet.
Bayanan Samarwa da Sakamako
An tattara bayanan aiki a cikin tsawon kwanaki 90 na kimantawa (Yuni-Agusta 2025, lokacin bazara mafi girma) a cikin layukan da aka gyara, tare da aikin bazara na baya (Yuni-Agusta 2024) wanda ya zama tushen.
| Sigogi | Tushe (Bazara ta 2024) | Gyaran Hongyang (Bazara ta 2025) | Ingantawa |
| Matsakaicin PDI (ASAE S269.4) | 91.2% | 98.2% (±0.5%) | +7.0 kashi maki |
| Zafin saman da aka yi amfani da shi (yanayin da ya dace) | 94-98°C | 85-89°C | Matsakaicin -9°C |
| Zafin fitar da pellet (bayan sanyaya) | 36-40°C | 29-33°C | Matsakaicin -7°C |
| Kashewa ta atomatik da zafi ke haifarwa (kowace wata) | Abubuwan da suka faru 8-12 | Abubuwan da suka faru 0 | Kawar da 100% |
| Rage yawan fitarwa a lokacin zafi mafi girma (idan aka kwatanta da hunturu) | -18% | -3% | Murmurewa kashi 15 cikin ɗari |
| Tsawon lokacin aikin na'urar zobe (an kiyasta, an yi hasashen) | Awa 2,200-2,500 | Awa 3,400-3,800 (an yi hasashen) | +52% an yi hasashen |
| Amfani da makamashi na musamman (kWh/ton) | 18.7 | 17.2 | -8% |
| Barnar abinci a matakin gona (kashi na abincin da aka kawo) | 4.8% | 1.9% | Rage -60% |
| Cin tara a lokacin isar da gona (sieve <2 mm) | 8.5% | 1.7% | -80% raguwa |
Babban ci gaban aiki shine kawar da rufewa ta atomatik da zafi ke haifarwa gaba ɗaya. A lokacin bazara na 2024, kowace matsalar rufewa ta buƙaci kimanin mintuna 25-35 na lokacin aiki - gami da tsaftace mashin, sake kunnawa, da tsaftace kayan aiki - wanda ke haifar da asarar sa'o'i 15-20 na lokacin samarwa a kowane wata. Tare da babu abubuwan da suka faru na rufewa da aka rubuta a lokacin kimantawa na 2025, lokacin samarwa da ake da shi ya ƙaru da kusan kashi 8%.
Inganta dorewar pellet ya samar da fa'idodi na tattalin arziki da suka wuce tsammanin da ake tsammani. Rage yawan tarar da ake samu a lokacin isar da abinci daga kashi 8.5% zuwa kashi 1.7% kai tsaye ya haifar da ƙarancin asarar abinci a tsarin ciyar da abinci ta atomatik. A ma'aunin samar da abinci na tan 280,000 a kowace shekara, wannan raguwar kashi 60% na asarar abinci a matakin gona yana wakiltar kimanin tan 8,100 da aka adana a kowace shekara - daidai da kimanin dala miliyan 2.8 a farashin ciyar da abinci na yanki (Rahoton USDA GAIN, ma'aunin farashin ciyar da abinci na Saudiyya na 2024).
Kimanta Abokin Ciniki
Manajan samar da masana'antar ya bayar da wannan kimantawa a lokacin bitar bayan kimantawa:
An yi amfani da na'urar zobe ta Hongyang da kuma na'urar rodi fiye da ƙa'idodin fasaha namu. Babban abin da ya dame mu a lokacin bazara shi ne ko wani na'urar zobe - ba tare da la'akari da asalinta ba - zai iya kiyaye ingancin pellet daidai lokacin da iskar da ke shiga cikin sanyi da aka auna sama da 45°C. Kashi 98.2% na PDI da muka samu ba wai kawai ya wuce burin bazara na kashi 96% ba, har ma ya yi daidai ko ya wuce tushen hunturu. Kawar da rufewar da ke da alaƙa da na'urar kawai ya tabbatar da jarin. Rage amfani da takamaiman makamashi wani ƙarin fa'ida ne da ba a zata ba.
— Manajan Samarwa, Masana'antar Abinci ta Al-Riyadh (Masana'antar Yankin Tsakiya)
Daraktan sayayya na kamfanin ya kuma lura cewa farashin zoben dia na Hongyang ya kai kusan kashi 35% ƙasa da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a baya na Turai, yayin da yake cimma daidaito ko mafi kyawun tsawon rai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bazara na Saudiyya. Tasirin da aka samu - tsawon rai na mutu, ƙarancin farashin siye, rage amfani da makamashi, da kuma ingancin pellet mafi girma - ya haifar da ribar da aka ƙididdige akan jarin cikin watanni 7.5.
Kammalawa
Shari'ar Al-Riyadh ta nuna cewa fasahar zobe mai inganci daga Hongyang na iya biyan buƙatun da ake buƙata na samar da abincin broiler mai zafi a yankin Gulf. Abubuwa uku na fasaha sun taimaka wajen haifar da sakamakon:
1. Aiwatar da kimiyyar kayan aiki: An yi amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na X46Cr13 mai taurare a HRC 52-54 tare da daidaiton ramin da aka haƙa da bindiga na CNC yana wakiltar ingancin rufin da za a iya samu don zoben ciyar da injinan gasa a matakan fasahar ƙarfe na yanzu.
2. Daidaita gibin da ke tattare da zafi: Kafin a biya diyya ga gibin sanyi don faɗaɗa zafi a zafin aiki, wata hanya ce mai araha da tasiri mai yawa wadda ya kamata a yi amfani da ita wajen ciyar da injinan niƙa a yanayin zafi a matsayin hanyar aiki ta yau da kullun.
3. Haɗin tsarin da ya dace: An tsara na'urar zobe, harsashin naɗawa, da tsarin bearing a matsayin tsarin sarrafa zafi mai haɗin kai maimakon a matsayin sassa masu zaman kansu - hanyar da ke bambanta mafita da aka ƙera ta amfani da aikace-aikace daga na'urar samar da na'urar.
Ga masana'antun abinci da ke aiki a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka, da sauran yankuna masu yanayin zafi mai yawa, sakamakon Al-Riyadh yana ba da ma'aunin tunani: 98.2% PDI tare da rufewa ba tare da zafi ba za a iya cimma shi a sikelin kasuwanci tare da fasahar zobe da aka ƙayyade daidai.
Tushen Bayanai: Kididdigar Dabbobin Gida na GASTAT 2024; Rahoton Kasuwar Abinci ta Rukunin IMARC na Saudi Arabia 2024; Rahoton USDA GAIN SA2024-0002; Mujallar Binciken Kaji da Aka Yi Amfani da su (2019) Vol. 28, Fitowa ta 4; ASAE Standard S269.4; Bayanan injiniyan aikace-aikacen ciki na Hongyang, lokacin kimantawa na Yuni-Agusta 2025.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-30-2026
