Wani kamfanin samar da abincin ruwa mai matsakaicin matsakaici a lardin Coclé, Panama, wanda ke hidimar gonakin tilapia na cikin gida da kuma ayyukan jatan lande na bakin teku, ya fuskanci rashin daidaiton samarwa akai-akai saboda tsufan injin niƙa pellet ɗinsa. Rashin daidaiton yawan aiki, tarar da ta wuce kima, da rashin daidaiton ruwan pellet sun lalata kwarin gwiwar abokan ciniki da kuma ƙara farashin kowace tan. A farkon 2025, kamfanin ya kafa injin niƙa pellet na Hongyang SZLH420 mai nau'in ƙarfe mai laushi biyu, wanda aka tsara musamman don nutsewar pellets na ruwa a yanayin aiki na wurare masu zafi. Cikin watanni uku na fara aiki, injin ya sami daidaiton yawan aiki na tan 3.2-3.5 a kowace awa, ma'aunin juriya na pellet (PDI) ya wuce kashi 96%, da kuma daidaiton ruwa na mintuna 30 sama da kashi 90%. Wannan binciken ya ƙunshi ƙalubalen samarwa, mafita ta fasaha, da kuma sakamakon da za a iya aunawa.
| Sigogi | Kafin (Tsohon Niƙa) | Bayan (Hongyang SZLH420) |
|---|---|---|
| Yawan aiki a kowace awa | 1.5–2.2 t/h (ba shi da tabbas) | 3.2–3.5 t/h (barga) |
| Ma'aunin Dorewa na Pellet | 89–91% | 96–98% |
| Kwanciyar Ruwa ta Minti 30 | 82–85% | 90–93% |
| Tarar Kuɗi a Cooler Discharge | 7–9% | Kasa da kashi 2% |
| Takamaiman Makamashi | ~16 kWh/t | ~13 kWh/t |
| Rayuwar Sabis ta Mutu | ~Awowi 800 | Awa 1,200+ (a ci gaba) |
1. Yanayin Zane-zanen Ruwa na Panama
Sashen kiwon kamun kifi na Panama ya bunƙasa sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. A cewarBayanan Bankin Duniya, ƙasar ta samar da tan 14,743 na kayayyakin kiwon kamun kifi a shekarar 2023, tare da jatan lande (Litopenaeus vannamei) da tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) a matsayin nau'in da ke da rinjaye a noma.Bayanan FAOya nuna cewa jatan lande kaɗai ya kai sama da tan 6,500 a cikin jerin samar da kayayyaki na baya-bayan nan, yayin da samar da tilapia ke ci gaba da faɗaɗa a ayyukan ruwa mai tsafta a duk faɗin lardunan tsakiya.
Wannan fanni yana da alaƙa da haɗakar manyan masu fitar da jatan lande da kuma ƙaruwar yawan masu samar da abinci masu zaman kansu masu matsakaicin girma waɗanda ke hidimar rukunin manoma na yanki. Waɗannan masana'antun masu zaman kansu galibi suna aiki da layukan pellet ɗaya ko biyu tare da ƙarfin samarwa tsakanin tan 2 zuwa 5 a kowace awa, suna samar da ƙananan pellets waɗanda dole ne su jure wa yanayin zafi mai yawa na Panama (matsakaicin zafi na 75-85% a duk shekara) da kuma yanayin zafi sama da 28°C.
Wani bincike na ilimi na shekarar 2024 kan fannin kiwon kamun kifi na Panama, wanda aka buga ta hanyarDandalin bincike na Bohrium, ya lura cewa yayin da noman jatan lande da tilapia ya nuna kyakkyawan yanayin girma, kashi 70% na ayyukan noma ba su da tsare-tsaren kula da muhalli na yau da kullun. Wannan gibin da ke tsakanin manoma yana ƙara matsin lamba kan ingancin abinci: manoma sun dogara da ingancin pellet da daidaiton ruwa don rage yawan fitar da sinadarai masu gina jiki da kuma kula da ingancin ruwan kududdufi, tunda galibi ana iyakance kayayyakin sarrafa ruwa.
2. Kalubalen Samarwa a Acuacoclé
Abokin ciniki (wanda aka fi sani da "Acuacoclé," wakilin bayanin abokin ciniki) yana gudanar da injin niƙa abinci mai layi ɗaya a Lardin Coclé, kimanin kilomita 150 kudu maso yammacin birnin Panama. Cibiyar tana samar da kimanin tan 600-700 na ruwa mai nutsewa a kowane wata, wanda aka raba tsakanin pellets na tilapia 2.0-3.0 mm (nutsewa, rabon matsi 1:14) da crumble na jatan lande 1.0-1.5 mm da ƙananan pellets (rabobin matsi 1:16-1:18).
Kamfanin injin pellet na baya ya fuskanci matsaloli da dama a fannin aiki kafin ƙarshen shekarar 2024:
- [!] Rashin daidaiton hanyar fitarwa:Yawan fitarwa a kowace awa ya bambanta tsakanin tan 1.5 zuwa 2.2 a kowace awa dangane da halayen kayan da aka samar. Tsarin samarwa bai zama abin dogaro ba.
- [!] Samar da tarar da ta wuce kima:Tarar da aka samu a wurin fitar da ruwan sanyi ta kai kashi 7-9% a cikin nauyi, wanda hakan ke haifar da asarar samfura kai tsaye da kuma furannin algae a cikin tafkunan tilapia.
- [!] Rashin daidaiton ruwa:Bayan mintuna 30 na nutsewa, kwanciyar hankali ya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 85%, wanda hakan ya ƙara farashin FCR da gyaran tafkin.
- [!] Nauyin kulawa mai ƙaruwa:Canje-canjen ma'aunin suna ƙaruwa zuwa kowace sa'o'i 800, kuma lokacin aikin gyara yana cinye kwanaki 12-15 na samarwa a kowace shekara.
3. Maganin Fasaha na Hongyang
Bayan tantance shawarwari, Acuacoclé ya zaɓiHongyang SZLH420 zobe pellet niƙaAn yanke wannan shawara ne bisa tsarin sanyaya ruwa mai layuka biyu wanda aka tsara musamman don ciyar da ruwa da kuma tarihin Hongyang a kasuwannin Latin Amurka.
3.1 Tsarin Kayan Aiki
| Bangaren | Ƙayyadewa |
|---|---|
| Babban Mota | 110 kW, 380V / 60Hz (an daidaita shi da grid ɗin Panama) |
| Diamita na Ciki na Zobe | 420 mm |
| Faɗin Mutu Mai Inganci | 120 mm |
| Saurin Aiki | 287 rpm |
| Rabon Matsi na Mutu | 1:14 (tilapia) / 1:18 (jatan lande) |
| Nau'in kwandishana | Mai layi biyu, bakin ƙarfe (SUS304) |
| Lokacin Rike Kwandishan | Daƙiƙa 90–120 |
| Zafin Sharaɗi | 90–95°C |
| Danshin bayan sanyaya | 16–18% |
3.2 Dalilin da Yasa Gyaran Fuska Biyu Yake da Muhimmanci
Bincike dagaƘungiyar Kayayyakin Teku ta Duniyaya tabbatar da cewa ingantaccen gelatinization na sitaci yana buƙatar ci gaba da fallasa shi ga zafi. Tsarin mai layi biyu yana ƙara lokacin riƙewa zuwa daƙiƙa 90-120, yana ba da damar sassan sitaci su yi gelatin sosai, wanda hakan yana da mahimmanci don daidaita abinci. Gina SUS304 yana tsayayya da tsatsa a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa na Panama.
3.3 Ingantaccen Zobe na Mutu
Hongyang ta ƙayyade rabon matsi na 1:14 ga tilapia da 1:16–1:18 ga jatan lande. An zaɓi ƙarfen ƙarfe mai taurare (HRC 58–62) don tsawaita rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin gogewa. An inganta rage ramukan da aka yi da ƙura don takamaiman girman grist (250 µm ga jatan lande, 500 µm ga tilapia).
4. Shigarwa da Aiwatarwa
An kammala shigarwar a cikin kwanaki biyar a watan Janairun 2025. Hongyang ta ba da tallafin aikin nesa tare da ƙwararren masani a wurin da ke kula da ayyukan farko. Manyan matakai sun haɗa da daidaita tsarin tururi (Layi na 1: 75–80°C; Layi na 2: 90–95°C), yarjejeniyar karya-in-dice na mintuna 45 tare da haɗa mai mai mai yawa, da kuma kafa tushen fitarwa na 3.2–3.5 t/h.
5. Sakamako Masu Aunawa
"Tsarin samarwa yanzu abu ne mai sauƙi—mun san daidai lokacin da kowane tsari zai ɗauka." - Ra'ayin Manajan Mill.
6. Abubuwan da ke haifar da samar da abincin ruwa a wurare masu zafi
- Tsarin kwandishan ba za a iya yin shawarwari ba:Canjawa zuwa yanayin shimfidawa mai layi biyu ya ba da damar matakan gelatinization na sitaci da ake buƙata don dorewa.
- Daidaita rabon matsi:Dole ne ƙayyadaddun bayanai na mutu su dace da tsari da nau'in na'urar maimakon samfurin na'ura kawai.
- Gine-ginen bakin karfe:SUS304 yana da mahimmanci a cikin danshi mai kyau na 75-85% don rage lokacin aiki na gyara.
7. Kammalawa
Kamfanin Hongyang SZLH420 pellet industries ya magance ƙalubale guda uku da suka ci gaba da fuskanta wajen samar da abinci ga masana'antar da ke Panama: rashin daidaiton yadda ake sarrafa shi, tarar da ta wuce kima, da kuma rashin daidaiton ruwa. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kayan aikin samar da abinci na ruwa da aka gina da manufa, waɗanda injiniyanci ke tallafawa, suna samar da sakamako mai kyau ga masana'antun samar da abinci na matsakaici a kasuwannin wurare masu zafi.
Majiyoyi:
- Bankin Duniya, "Samar da Kamun Kifi (Metric Tons) - Panama," 2023.Haɗi
- Hukumar Kula da Kamun Kifi da Kifi ta FAO, "Bayanin Sashen Kifi na Ƙasa - Panama."Haɗi
- Bohrium Research Platform, "Producción de bienes en el sector técnico de cranza de especies acuáticas - Panama," 2024.Haɗi
- Ƙungiyar Kayayyakin Teku ta Duniya, "Samar da Abincin da ke Dauke da Ruwan Teku Mai Tsabta."Haɗi
- Injinan Ciyar da Abinci na Hongyang, "Nazarin Ma'aunin Na'urar Pellet ta Peru."Haɗi
- Injinan Ciyar da Kaya na Hongyang, "Nazarin Shari'ar Masu Samar da Ciyar da Kaya Salmon na Norway."Haɗi
- NationMaster, "Panama - Noman Kifi (Metric Tons)."Haɗi
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-09-2026
